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To Robert Patterson   21 August [1854]

Summary

Has found a half dozen [cirripede] specimens belonging to William Thompson and a few MS notes. Asks for instructions for sending them to RP.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Patterson
Date:  21 Aug [1854]
Classmark:  Praeger 1935, p. 713
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1579

Matches: 4 hits

  • … To Robert Patterson   21 August [1854] …
  • … Praeger 1935 , p. 713 Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 Aug [1854] Robert Patterson …
  • … see letter to Robert Patterson, 6 April [1854] ). The forthcoming meeting of the British …
  • … DOWN, FARNBOROUGH, KENT Aug. 21 [1854] DEAR SIR:— I have now gone through all the …

To J. A. H. de Bosquet   19 January [1854]

Summary

Further comments on JAHdeB’s MS.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Augustin Hubert de Bosquet
Date:  19 Jan [1854]
Classmark:  DAR 143: 130
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1548

Matches: 4 hits

  • … To J.  A. H. de Bosquet   19 January [1854] …
  • … DAR 143: 130 Charles Robert Darwin Down 19 Jan [1854] Joseph Augustin Hubert de Bosquet …
  • … A. H. de Bosquet, 24 December 1853 . Bosquet 1854 . CD had sent the first two Cirripedia …
  • … Bosquet, Joseph Augustin Hubert de. 1854. Monographie des Crustaces fossiles du terrain …

To Edwin Lankester, Ray Society   4 March [1851]

Summary

Asks EL to request the Council [of the Ray Society] to permit him to have nine plates [for vol. 1 of Living Cirripedia] instead of eight (of which two were to be in colour) and a tenth plate if he pays for it himself.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edwin Lankester; Ray Society
Date:  4 Mar [1851]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1395

Matches: 7 hits

  • … published Living Cirripedia ( 1851 , 1854 ). Living Cirripedia (1851) has ten plates; none …
  • … Jr , who engraved the plates for both volumes of Living Cirripedia ( 1851 , 1854 ) and for …
  • … Fossil Cirripedia ( 1854 ). Lankester wrote ‘Ans d EL. ’ at the top of CD’s letter, but …
  • … Bibliography Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

From J. D. Hooker   [26 February 1854]

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Summary

Is relieved his book [Himalayan journals] has been well received and glad he has successfully completed it.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [26 Feb 1854]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 86–9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1557

Matches: 7 hits

  • … From J.  D. Hooker   [26 February 1854] …
  • … DAR 100: 86–9 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew [26 Feb 1854] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … friend, J.  D. Hooker. Kew, Jan. 12th, 1854. ’ CD’s annotated copy is in the Darwin …
  • … a second letter from Lyell, dated 21 February 1854 from Tenerife, in which the geological …
  • … Frances Harriet Hooker was pregnant. Her second child was expected in June 1854. Charles …
  • … s letter from Madeira, dated January 1854, was read at a meeting of the Philosophical Club …
  • … see letter to Charles Lyell, 18 February [1854] , n.  2). There is, however, no passage in …

To A. A. Gould   9 September [1854]

Summary

Returns cirripede specimens to AAG. Encloses specimens for Louis Agassiz in same box.

Since AAG is a member of the Ray Society, will not send him a copy of Living Cirripedia, vol. 2.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Augustus Addison Gould
Date:  9 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Houghton Library, Harvard University (Augustus A. Gould papers, 1831–66 MS Am 1210: 225)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1591

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To A.  A. Gould   9 September [1854] …
  • … 1831–66 MS Am 1210: 225) Charles Robert Darwin Down 9 Sept [1854] Augustus Addison Gould …
  • … Var. (7) patellaris ’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  330, 333). A district in lower Burma. …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To J. D. Dana   27 September [1853]

Summary

Admires JDD’s work on Crustacea, corals, and geology.

Commends young John Lubbock to his attention. Hopes JDD can give him encouragement; if he can resist his "great wealth, business, and rank, he may do good work in Natural History".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Dwight Dana
Date:  27 Sept [1853]
Classmark:  Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Dana Family Papers (MS 164) Series 1, Box 2, folder 43)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1533

Matches: 7 hits

  • … 1852] , n.  10). CD refers to Living Cirripedia (1854) , which contains thirty plates. …
  • … Proofs were not ready until February 1854 (‘Journal’; Correspondence vol.  5, Appendix I). …
  • … CD was also preparing Fossil Cirripedia (1854) . …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and …
  • … Verrucidæ of Great Britain. By Charles Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. …
  • … Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To J. D. Hooker   22 [January 1844 – March 1882]

Summary

Discusses books returned

and invites him to Down for a few days.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  22 [Jan 1844 - Mar 1882]
Classmark:  Sotheby’s (dealers) (14 and 28 May 1983)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13816A

Matches: 12 hits

  • … 22 July 1853 22 Aug 1853 22 Sept 1853 22 Oct 1853 22 Nov 1853 22 Dec 1853 22 Jan 1854 22 …
  • … Feb 1854 22 …
  • … Mar 1854 22 …
  • … Apr 1854 22 …
  • … May 1854 22 …
  • … June 1854 22 …
  • … July 1854 22 …
  • … Aug 1854 22 …
  • … Sept 1854 22 …
  • … Oct 1854 22 …
  • … Nov 1854 22 …
  • … Dec 1854 22 Jan 1855 22 Feb 1855 22 Mar 1855 22 Apr 1855 22 May 1855 22 June 1855 22 July …

To [William Baxter or W. W. Baxter?]   2 [October 1842 – April 1882]

Summary

Requests some carbonate of ammonia.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Walmisley Baxter; William Baxter
Date:  2 [Oct 1842 - Mar 1882]
Classmark:  University of Rochester Libraries, Department of Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation (tipped into a copy of Insectivorous plants (QH 9.9 I59m))
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8132

Matches: 12 hits

  • … June 1853 2 July 1853 2 Aug 1853 2 Sept 1853 2 Oct 1853 2 Nov 1853 2 Dec 1853 2 Jan 1854 2 …
  • … Feb 1854 2 …
  • … Mar 1854 2 …
  • … Apr 1854 2 …
  • … May 1854 2 …
  • … June 1854 2 …
  • … July 1854 2 …
  • … Aug 1854 2 …
  • … Sept 1854 2 …
  • … Oct 1854 2 …
  • … Nov 1854 2 …
  • … Dec 1854 2 Jan 1855 2 Feb 1855 2 Mar 1855 2 Apr 1855 2 May 1855 2 June 1855 2 July 1855 2 …

To Edwin Lankester, Ray Society   19 March [1853]

Summary

Objects to early deadline for submitting manuscript [of Living Cirripedia 2 (1854)]. Discusses illustrations by G. B. Sowerby [Jr].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edwin Lankester; Ray Society
Date:  19 Mar [1853]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.104)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1507

Matches: 7 hits

  • … manuscript [of Living Cirripedia 2 (1854)]. Discusses illustrations by G. B. Sowerby [Jr]. …
  • … Bibliography Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … of a sessile cirripede’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  inset opposite p.  3) and for eleven …
  • … of the second volume of Living Cirripedia ( 1854 ) would be ready by the end of 1852, and …
  • … by the summer of 1853. Living Cirripedia (1854) contains thirty plates. CD was working on …
  • … pages, was not ready until January 1854. Three partly coloured plates were included in the …

From John Gwyn Jeffreys   7 September 1851

Summary

Has sent CD some cirripedes and notes which he hopes will be of use. Gives details of occurrence and source of some of the specimens.

Author:  John Gwyn Jeffreys
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  7 Sept 1851
Classmark:  D. Gwyn Jeffreys (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1452

Matches: 9 hits

  • … In the introduction to Living Cirripedia (1854):  2, CD stated: ‘I have given much fewer …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Post Office London directory : Post-Office …
  • … B . amphitrite in Living Cirripedia (1854):  240. William Clark of Exmouth. He contributed …
  • … Balanus improvisus ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  250–3). Jeffreys’s specimen is mentioned …
  • … for B.  porcatus ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  256). This cirripede is generally found on …
  • … that B.  amphitrite was not found in British waters (see Living Cirripedia (1854):  241). …
  • … is described in Living Cirripedia (1854):  261–8. In the section ‘Range, habits, &c. ’, …
  • … is described in Living Cirripedia (1854):  225–6. Jeffreys’s specimen was the largest CD …

To Walter Baldock Durrant Mantell   17 November 1854

Summary

Requests authoritative information on erratic boulders and marks of glaciers in New Zealand, and especially in southern islands.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Walter Baldock Durrant Mantell
Date:  17 Nov 1854
Classmark:  Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand (Mantell papers, MS-Papers-0083-268)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1603

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Walter Baldock Durrant Mantell   17 November 1854
  • … MS-Papers-0083-268) Charles Robert Darwin Down 17 Nov 1854 Walter Baldock Durrant Mantell …
  • … might have colonised the country. In November 1854 he was re-examining the geographical …
  • … see letter to J.  D. Hooker, 15 November [1854] ). CD had visited the Bay of Islands in …
  • … Down Bromley Kent Nov. 17 th . 1854 Dear Sir I hope you will excuse the great liberty I …

To John Higgins   18 March [1854]

Summary

Discusses price of a farm.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Higgins
Date:  18 Mar [1854]
Classmark:  Lincolnshire Archives (HIG/4/2/1/75)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1560

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To John Higgins   18 March [1854] …
  • … Lincolnshire Archives (HIG/4/2/1/75) Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 Mar [1854] John Higgins …
  • … According to CD’s Investment book (Down House MS), the capital was repaid on 1 July 1854. …

To George Henry Turnbull   28 October [1854]

Summary

CD writes as the Treasurer of the Down Coal and Clothing Club and the Down Friendly Club, requesting subscriptions.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Henry Turnbull
Date:  28 Oct [1854]
Classmark:  DAR 261.11: 2 (EH 88206054)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1595

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To George Henry Turnbull   28 October [1854] …
  • … DAR 261.11: 2 (EH 88206054) Charles Robert Darwin Down 28 Oct [1854] George Henry Turnbull …
  • … to the Down Coal and Clothing Club in the ‘1854–1855’ list in the Honorary subscription …

To James Smith of Jordanhill   6 February [1848]

Summary

Thanks for present of fossil Balani.

Thanks also for JS’s request to David Landsborough to send barnacle specimens.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Smith of Jordanhill
Date:  6 Feb [1848]
Classmark:  Glasgow City Archives (396/TD1)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1153F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … vol. 5, letter to J. E. Gray, 28 March [1854] and n. …
  • … finishing Fossil Cirripedia (1851) and (1854) . David Landsborough . CD attended a council …
  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Withers, Thomas Henry. 1928–53. Catalogue of …
  • … to James Smith of Jordanhill, 28 January [1848] ). See Fossil Cirripedia (1854) , p. 235. …
  • … collection to the British Museum in 1854 (see Withers 1928–53 , 2: 5, and Correspondence …

From J. D. Hooker   [c. 25 March 1854]

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Summary

JDH summarises letter from Humboldt.

JDH answers CD’s questions on glacial action in Himalayas.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [c. 25 Mar 1854]
Classmark:  DAR 205.9: 382
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1559

Matches: 5 hits

  • … From J.  D. Hooker   [ c . 25 March 1854] …
  • … DAR 205.9: 382 Joseph Dalton Hooker unstated [c. 25 Mar 1854] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Journal of researches 2d ed. , p.  322. See letter to J.  D. Hooker, 10 March [1854] . …
  • … in the letter to J.  D. Hooker, 26 March [1854] , to having received Hooker’s letter …
  • … on the morning of 26 March 1854. The two surviving pages of the letter are numbered ‘III’ …

To J. D. Hooker   [November–December 1854]

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Summary

[Recto:] CD defines "aberrant genus".

[Verso:] JDH’s list of families, [presumably] with aberrant genera, and [presumably] the number of species in each genus.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [Nov–Dec 1854]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 222a
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1596

Matches: 2 hits

  • … To J. D. Hooker   [November–December 1854] …
  • … DAR 114: 222a Charles Robert Darwin Down [Nov–Dec 1854] Joseph Dalton Hooker …

To ?    16 August [1854–8]

Summary

Should like to examine the correspondent’s Madeira cirripedes but is too much occupied with other subjects of natural history.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Unidentified
Date:  16 Aug [1854-8]
Classmark:  DAR 224
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1578A

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To ?    16 August [1854–8] …
  • … DAR 224 Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 Aug 1854 16 Aug 1855 16 Aug 1856 16 Aug 1857 16 Aug …
  • … four-volume monograph was finished late in 1854 and published in May 1855 ( Correspondence …

To Edward Forbes   23 January [1852?]

Summary

Discusses Balanus unguiformis. Promises to return specimen.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Forbes
Date:  23 Jan [1852?]
Classmark:  Florida State University Libraries, Strozier Library Special Collections Vault (tipped into a copy of Origin, QH365 .O2 1859)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1472

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Bibliography Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of …
  • … Great Britain. By Charles Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. …
  • … Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … and the Isle of Wight in Living Cirripedia (1854):  296–8. He included short descriptions …
  • … and Verrrucidae in Living Cirripedia (1854) because at this stage he was unsure that the …
  • … those thanked in the preface of Fossil Cirripedia (1854) for having provided specimens. …

To John Lubbock   [September 1854]

Summary

Sends beetle he cannot identify.

Reading J. O. Westwood [Introduction to the modern classification of insects (1839–40)] has reawakened his passion for entomology.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Date:  [Sept 1854]
Classmark:  DAR 263: 8 (EH 88206457)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1585

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To John Lubbock   [September 1854] …
  • … 88206457) Charles Robert Darwin Down [Sept 1854] John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron …
  • … recorded having read it on 25 September 1854 ( Correspondence vol.  4, Appendix IV, 128: …

To Robert Hunt   22 July [1855]

Summary

Mentions RH’s book on light [Researches on light in its chemical relations, 2d ed. (1854)]. Asks about coloured glass used in experiments on plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Hunt
Date:  22 July [1855]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1727

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Bibliography Hunt, Robert. 1854. Researches on light in its chemical relations; embracing …
  • … in its chemical relations , 2d ed. (1854)]. Asks about coloured glass used in experiments …
  • … Letter from Robert Hunt, 19 July 1855 . R.  Hunt 1854 . R.   …
  • … Hunt 1854 , pp.  215–47. These pages are annotated in CD’s copy; on p.  237, CD noted: ‘ …
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Bunsen, C. K. J. (1)
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Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter

Summary

The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … cirripedes and culminated in  Living Cirripedia  (1854) and  Fossil Cirripedia  (1854), again …
  • … series of letters pertaining to the Royal Society. In April 1854, when his cirripede study was …
  • … indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far from disagreeing with …
  • … Back to species theory In September 1854, as soon as the final proofs of the last barnacle …
  • … do as I wish it Throughout the correspondence of 1854 and 1855, the overwhelming …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … [24 July 1842] To P. G. King,  21 February 1854 : ‘I live in the country about 16 miles …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 1587 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 2 Sept [1854] Darwin mentions that the second …
  • … of creation in [ Br. & Foreign Med.-Chir. Rev. 13 (1854)], but notes that he himself is …
  • … Letter 1592 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 13 Sept [1854] Letter 1635 — Darwin, …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 23 hits

  • … [Wellesley 1832] Sir. W. Nott’s Life [W. Nott 1854].— [DAR *119: 15v.] From …
  • … de la Boheme [Barrande 1852–1911] must be deeply studied 1854 The Zoologist by E. Newman [ …
  • … [Pepys 1825] (Read).— Sir W. Notts life [W. Nott 1854] read [DAR *128: 177] …
  • … r . Nott & Gliddon: Trübner & Co [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] (read) A Lecture by …
  • … not published but reported fully in Literary Gazette Sept 30 1854 91 Agricult. Journal …
  • … d’un Naturaliste A. de Quatrefages [Quatrefages de Bréau 1854]. (light reading) (??) read …
  • … Domestic animals. 94 Lloyd Scandinavian Adventures 1854 [L. Lloyd 1854]. praised in …
  • … sur les Migration des Vegetaux 4 to  Pamphlet [Godron 1854] (read) Journal of Asiatic Soc. …
  • … specially of central platform of France 8 fr. [Lecoq 1854–8] Read Journal de la Soc. Imp. d …
  • … Sir J. Lubbock. member Ferguson on Poultry [Ferguson 1854], recommended by M r  Brent, but …
  • … D r . Badham “Ancient & Modern Tattle” on Fish [Badham 1854]. M r  Tegetmeier says very …
  • … (read) From Nott & Gliddon [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] Roselini Monumenta [ …
  • … Carboniferous strata, translated in Bull. General [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important …
  • … I ought to read Murchinson’s Siluria [Murchison 1854]— I  must  read it. & buy it.— …
  • … W. R. Wilde in Dublin University Magazine early month of 1854 on food of Irish. ( Pig ) [Wilde] …
  • … translated into French by Gaudin—with additions [Heer 1854]. Archives du Museum [ Archives …
  • … Himmalaya [T. Thomson 1852] [DAR 128: 7] 1854 Jan 11 th . Pulsky Red, …
  • … 1848]. March 7 th . Hooker’s Himmalaya [Hooker 1854].— —— 23 Stansbury. Exploration …
  • … July 3 d . Sir B. B. Psychological Essays [Brodie] 1854] —— Duval Histoire du Pommier, …
  • … Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62] Tome I [DAR 128: 9] …
  • … Williams Missionary in T. del Fuego [Hamilton 1854] March 28 th . Sir G. Stephens Lectures …
  • … Richardson 1784] (poor) [DAR 128: 10] 1854.  Microscopical Journal [ …
  • … 1855. Wollastons Insecta Maderensia [Wollaston 1854] —— Johnston Physical Atlas [A. K. …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Lubbock, the principal landowner in Down, in a letter of 1854 in which he said, From all I have seen …
  • … [of the Poor Fund]’ (letter to J. W. Lubbock, 28 March [1854] ). Despite their differences, they …

Living and fossil cirripedia

Summary

Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on …
  • … in manuscript form to the Ray Society at the beginning of 1854 , where it took longer than the ‘ …
  • … to tell his friend Thomas Henry Huxley in early September 1854, ‘ My second volume on the …
  • … Society; the monograph itself was printed in 1854. This volume appears not to have been discussed …
  • … but he wrote to the Palaeontographical Society in February 1854 and the society confirmed that he …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … sub-class of Crustacea,  Living Cirripedia  (1851, 1854) and  Fossil Cirripedia  (1851, 1854). …
  • … spermatozoa’ attached to the female (Living Cirripedia (1854): 23). Darwin had previously worked out …
  • … from monoecious forms (Living Cirripedia (1851): 214; (1854): 29, 528 n.) and, at another level, to …

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. …
  • … In both volumes of Living Cirripedia (1851 and 1854), Darwin devoted an introductory section to …
  • … was best placed among the Lepadidae ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 527–8).^1^1^    Both …
  • … segments are quite aborted . . . ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 562–3)    Indeed, …
  • … be the most natural arrangement. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 588)    The fact that the …
  • … with his figure of the mature animal ( Living Cirripedia (1854), Plate XXV).    Throughout …
  • … (1851): 37–8)    In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin ventured to suggest the possible …
  • … by a new and anomalous course. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 151–2)    Crisp (1983) has …
  • … from bisexuality to unisexuality. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 29)^16^    Darwin’s …
  • … merely varieties (Southward 1983). In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin clearly stated the …
  • … be found eminently variable. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 155)    One of the first …
  • … a very direct and curious manner’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 529). Modern systematists place …
  • … nature was demonstrated.’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 555). See also Rachootin 1984, pp. 235–6.   …

3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … the start a cautious and sometimes a difficult one. In 1854-5 the newly established firm of Henry …
  • … who thought that ‘it was probably taken in the year 1854, but he had never seen it’. A slot in the …
  • … Walker, dated 1912; the photograph itself is here dated 1854, and accompanied by a facsimile of …
  • … Polyblank, photographers 
 date of creation 1854 or early 1855 
 computer-readable …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 june 1854 Middelburg 13 october …
  • …   Deventer 11 september 1854 Deventer 8 march 1936 Haarlem …
  • … Phil.nat.cand   Leiden 18 july 1854 Batavia 8 march 1896 …
  • … University.   Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january 1928 …
  • … Phil.nat.cand.   Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january …
  • … Phil.nat.stud   Leiden 19 august 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight …
  • … what he came to call his ‘big book’.   In March 1854, six months before he started sorting …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 June 1854 Middelburg 13 October …
  • …   Deventer 11 September 1854 Deventer 8 March 1936 Haarlem …
  • … Phil.nat.cand   Leiden 18 July 1854 Batavia 8 March 1896 …
  • … University.   Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January 1928 …
  • … Phil.nat.cand.   Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January …
  • … Phil.nat.stud   Leiden 19 August 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … his barnacle books ( Fossil Cirripedia  (1851 and 1854) and  Living Cirripedia  (1851 and 1854)) …

Editorial policy and practice

Summary

Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of the Correspondence. Transcriptions are made from the original or a facsimile where these are available. Where they are not, texts are taken from the best…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … used in a strict sense. Thus a letter dated ‘after 8 July 1854’ is judged to have been written very …

Joseph Simms

Summary

The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … in major cities of the US and Canada on physiognomy in 1854. In 1866 he sought training in anatomy …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
  • … a bit of red glass at the garden) 47v.  May 1854. Before tea Ch. asked Lenny P. Have you …
  • … give me a kiss if you like”. 48 [74] May 20— 1854.— I saw a pile of sand lying on the lawn …
  • … I could not help it awfully”.— 49  June 1854— About 9 months ago, Lenny defined being in …
  • … Horace Lenny. When ill with Fever & recovering (Dec 1854) used constantly to ask in the …

Charles Darwin’s letters: a selection 1825-1859

Summary

The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University of Edinburgh, to the end of 1859, when the Origin of Species was published. The early letters portray Darwin as a lively sixteen-year-old medical student. Two…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … taxonomic study of the entire order. By this time, 1854, Darwin had become a family man. In …
  • … field notes exist that record the observations made between 1854 and 1861 by five of his children, …

3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin (with a caption querying the date, and suggesting ‘1854?’). It was reproduced …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … an appointment as paleontologist to the Geological Survey in 1854. He moved quickly to the inner …
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