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Darwin Correspondence Project
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From John Goodsir   21 August [1863]

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Summary

Agrees to examine a slide preparation of fluid [from CD’s vomit] to determine presence of Sarcina as a possible cause of his stomach ailment. Sends some authoritative references on it. Warns CD that Sarcina has been found in healthy stomachs.

Author:  John Goodsir
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Aug [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 165: 73
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4272

Matches: 5 hits

  • … biography. London: Hutchinson. Busk, George. 1842. On the occurrence of Sarcina ventriculi …
  • … Microscopic Journal 2: 321–3. Goodsir, John. 1842. History of a case in which a fluid …
  • … of Sarcina in the human stomach ( Busk 1842 ). The London physician William Jenner was …
  • … account books (Down House MS)). Goodsir 1842 . Apparently a reference to the University …
  • … Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal—April 1842—page 430— I am sorry I have no separate copy …

To Charles Lyell   14 August [1863]

Summary

Congratulates CL on finding Arctic shells.

Comments on paper by E. B. Hunt ["On the origin, growth, substructure and chronology of the Florida reef", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 35 (1863): 197–210].

Mentions J. D. Dana’s health.

George Bentham’s statement on species [Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (1863): xi–xxix].

Praises Bates’s book [Naturalist on the river Amazons (1863)].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  14 Aug [1863]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.296)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4267

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Darwin. Philosophical Magazine 3d ser. 21 (1842): 180–8. [ Shorter publications , pp. 140– …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1842. Correspondence : The correspondence of …
  • … had pursued fieldwork on Moel Tryfan in 1842 but had not found shells ( ‘Ancient glaciers …
  • … Coral reefs . Coral reefs was published in 1842. See also Correspondence , vol.  2. Dana’s …
  • … Wales on eight occasions between 1818 and 1842 ( Freeman 1978 ). On 8 October 1863, Emily …

From Asa Gray   [10–16] June [1863]

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Summary

Possible dimorphism in Phlox.

Knows of no U. S. law prohibiting marriage of cousins.

Gives references to papers on phyllotaxy.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [10–16] June [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 165: 136
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4198

Matches: 3 hits

  • … been Fisher Professor of natural history at Harvard University since 1842 ( Dupree 1959 ). …
  • … 1849 , pp. 438–44. Naumann, Karl Friedrich. 1842. Uber den Quincunx, als Grundgesetz der …
  • … papers on phyllotaxy, beginning with Naumann 1842 ( Royal Society catalogue of scientific …

To Smith, Elder & Company   14 January [1863]

Summary

Asks for account of sales of Geology of "Beagle". Willing to consider offer for remaining stock in order to close account.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Smith, Elder & Co
Date:  14 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (MS.23181, ff.1-5 (S. E. & Co. work slip, ff.1-2, letter ff.3-4, address envelope f.5))
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3914

Matches: 2 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1842. Correspondence : The correspondence of …
  • … voyage of the Beagle : Coral reefs in 1842, Volcanic islands in 1844, and South America in …

To T. H. Huxley   27 June [1863]

Summary

Has caught a frog and examined its possibly rudimentary toe. Asks THH if he will dissect it.

Has heard THH is abused in Edinburgh Review and in Anthropological Review [reviews of Man’s place in nature, Edinburgh Rev. 117 (1863): 541–69 and Anthrop. Rev. 1 (1863): 107–17].

Owen on heterogeny and the aye-aye.

Has been very ill.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  27 June [1863]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 225)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4223

Matches: 2 hits

  • … giant sloth, Mylodon robustus ( Owen 1842 ). C.  Lyell 1863a . See letter to Charles …
  • … University Press. 1927–96. Owen, Richard. 1842. Description of the skeleton of an extinct …

From Thomas Francis Jamieson   28 January 1863

Summary

Grateful for CD’s commendation of his Glen Roy paper ["Parallel roads of Glen Roy", Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 19 (1863): 235–59].

Reading Justus Liebig [trans. William Gregory, Animal chemistry or organic chemistry (1842)] has suggested that pattern of evolutionary succession might depend on differential need for soil minerals.

Author:  Thomas Francis Jamieson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  28 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 168: 45
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3952

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Animal chemistry or organic chemistry (1842)] has suggested that pattern of evolutionary …

From Asa Gray   1 September 1863

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Summary

Sees difficulties in adhering to the concept of design in nature.

Is surprised at Hooker’s and Daniel Oliver’s ignorance regarding spontaneous movements of tendrils.

CD should continue his work on climbing plants, "it will be fruitful in your hands".

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Sept 1863
Classmark:  DAR 157.2: 108; DAR 165: 139, 140
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4288

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Brunswick, Germany: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn. 1842–53. Taxonomic literature : Taxonomic …
  • … Handwörterbuch der Physiologie (R.  Wagner ed.  1842–53). From Gray’s reference to Mohl’s …

To George Maw   12 May [1863]

Summary

Believes GM’s human bones from Gibraltar must be of very doubtful age. Lyell agrees, but feels any skull found should be forwarded to George Busk or Hugh Falconer.

Suggests GM look carefully for shells in the drift.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Maw
Date:  12 May [1863]
Classmark:  Royal Horticultural Society, Lindley Library (MAW/1/10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4157

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Darwin. Philosophical Magazine 3d ser. 21 (1842): 180–8. [ Shorter publications , pp. 140– …

From Smith, Elder and Company   3 March 1863

Summary

Sum due to CD is £11 13s 1d. Offer £5 for remaining stock of South America and Volcanic islands.

Author:  Smith, Elder & Co
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Mar 1863
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (MS.23181:1)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4020

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1842. Correspondence : The correspondence of …

From William Henry Harvey   3 February 1863

Summary

Is pleased that CD has [Roland] Trimen to collect specimens of Cape orchids. Suggests directions for securing dry specimens of what he draws.

Identifies Disa barbata and D. Cornuta of the Ophridiae.

Author:  William Henry Harvey
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Feb 1863
Classmark:  Royal Entomological Society (Trimen papers, box 21: 78)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3966F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … treasury in Cape Town between 1836 and 1842 ( DNB ). CD enclosed this copy, made by …

From Daniel Oliver   17 February 1863

Summary

DO thinks an essay [Alexander Braun’s "Rejuvenescence", Ray Society (1853)] is not worth reading with respect to some difficulty concerning phyllotaxy.

Author:  Daniel Oliver
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Feb 1863
Classmark:  DAR 173: 20
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8770

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Bravais 1838 , Naumann 1845 , Schleiden 1842, and Silfverstrahle 1839 (Henfrey trans.   …

To Roland Trimen   31 January [1863]

Summary

Thanks RT for his letter and MS.

Is astonished by the different forms of orchids he describes.

Urges RT to describe and experiment with two or three of the more distinct genera.

"I believe, or am inclined to believe in one or very few primordial forms, from community of structure and early embryonic resemblances in each great class."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Roland Trimen
Date:  31 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Royal Entomological Society (Trimen papers, box 21: 78)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3956

Matches: 1 hit

  • … in the Cape colony between 1836 and 1842 when he was colonial treasurer ( DNB ). In …
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Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 16 miles off.— To E. C. Darwin,  [24 July 1842] Charles and Emma Darwin, with …
  • … of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of …
  • … To his sister, Catherine Darwin,  [24 July 1842] To P. G. King,  21 February 1854 : ‘I …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … and writing from home. Although when he moved to Downe in 1842 he described this part of Kent as …
  • … death of a baby daughter only a few weeks after her birth in 1842 had a far more limited impact on …

Darwin & Glen Roy

Summary

Although Darwin was best known for his geological work in South America and other remote Beagle destinations, he made one noteworthy attempt to explain a puzzling feature of British geology.  In 1838, two years after returning from the voyage, he travelled…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ever geological field trip, a return visit to North Wales in 1842, Darwin wrote that the signs of …
  • … [12? March 1841] To William Fitton, [c. 28 June 1842] To Charles Lyell, [5 and …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … heading in the earliest outline of his theory written in 1842 , and, as he told Asa Gray in …

Darwin & coral reefs

Summary

The central idea of Darwin's theory of coral reef formation, as it was later formulated, was that the islands were formed by the upward growth of coral as the Pacific Ocean floor gradually subsided. It overturned previous ideas and would in itself…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … theory,  The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs  (1842) was based on intensive reading and …
  • … his book on coral reefs: letter to Leonard Jenyns [9 May 1842] .   Suggestions …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … Illustrations of the Domestic animals of Gt. Britain [D. Low 1842].— 23  must be read carefully. …
  • … Erasmus—— Lavater. Life & Correspondence [?Heisch 1842] Coleridge. Literary …
  • … Cicero [Middleton 1741] W. Meister’s Life [Goethe 1842].— Malcolm’s History of Persia …
  • … [DAR *119: 15] Zanoni by Bulwer [Bulwer-Lytton 1842]. Life of D. of Marlborough [A. …
  • … organs read A. Alison on Population. 2 vols. Feb. 1842 [A. Alison 1840].— Youatt in …
  • … 1836]: worth looking at. Low has probably told all [D. Low 1842] Madras Journal [ Madras …
  • … Soc. appears to be good Papers on Sewalik Fossils in 1842 [Cautley 1840 and Cautley and Falconer …
  • … Read “Bronn’s Geschicte der Natur.” [Bronn 1842–3] Kingdons translat …
  • … Jussieus introduct to Bot. price 6 s  [Jussieu 1842] [DAR *119: 20v.] …
  • … Cerealia [Loiseleur Deslongchamps 1842–3] Phytologist [ …
  • … (List from Muller & Bronn [Müller 1837–42 and Bronn 1842–3] in this Book) 52 Royle …
  • … . Smollets William & Mary. & Anne [Smollett 1805].— 1842 Jan 10 M rs …
  • … —— 17 th  Laing notes of a Traveller 1 vol [Laing 1842] —— Finished Wordsworth 6 vols. …
  • … such  instincts .— [DAR 119: 12b] 1842 March. 26 th  Holcroft’s Memoirs …
  • … [Hyde 1704] Feb. Vol. of Madame D’Arblay [Burney 1842–6] Mar 1. Lieut. Eyres Narrative …
  • … nothing —— Doubleday on Population [Doubleday 1842] —— Ramond’s voyage in Pyrenees …
  • … 1774] —— F. Bremer’s little novels [Bremer 1842, 1843b, 1844a, 1844c] March 7 th  M …
  • … 1839] 14 th  Arnolds lectures on History [Arnold 1842] —— History of Civilization by …
  • … very poor Oct 1 Owen on Mylodon Robustus [R. Owen 1842]. References at end. 7 th . …
  • … June 8 th  Wilson Voyage Round Scotland [J. Wilson 1842] (poor) M. Gerard sur l’Espece …
  • … [Chambers 1845] —— Bronn’s Gesickte [Bronn 1842–3] 2 d . Vol [DAR 119: 16b] …
  • … [M. G. Lewis 1834] Nov 7. Life of Lavater [?Heisch 1842] —— 25. M rs . Meredith. N.S …
  • … April VI & VII. vol. of Madame d’Arblay [Burney 1842–6]. —— 15 th . Phillip’s life of W …
  • … —— Jussieu. Cours Elementaire Botanique [Jussieu 1842] —— Transactions of Amer. Philosoph Soc …
  • … des Naturalistes de Moscou ]. Vols for 1833, 1837, 1838, 1842, 43, 44—not all these latter vols: …
  • … 17 th  Thompson’s Birds of Ireland [W. Thompson 1842] Part I. Sept. 17. Sir J. Ross. Voyage …
  • … Nov. 15 th  Wilson Voyage. Scotland [J. Wilson 1842] —— Southey. Book of the Church [R. W. …
  • … Keppell. 1853 [Keppel 1853] Dickens America [Dickens 1842] Thackerays Lectures on …
  • … et exp. pages 248. 8 vo [Loiseleur Deslongchamps 1842–3] Linn. Soc.? must be read.— not in Royal. …
  • … of Indies [Acosta 1604].— Report, Brit. Assoc.  1842 . Richardson N.Z. Fish [J. Richardson …

3.1 Antoine Claudet, daguerreotype

Summary

< Back to Introduction This daguerreotype of Darwin with his firstborn child, William, was, according to a label on the glass, taken on 23 August 1842, just before the family moved from London to Down. It is generally attributed to the French…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … was, according to a label on the glass, taken on 23 August 1842, just before the family moved from …
  • … daguerreotype of the Darwins. Darwin’s account book for 1842 records the purchase of a daguerreotype …
  • … this information does not tally with the dating: in August 1842, William would have been only two …
  • … Claudet 
 date of creation 23 August 1842 
 computer-readable date 1842-08-23 
 …

Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'

Summary

The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … their first child, William Erasmus, was born. In September 1842, the family, now increased by a …
  • … and explore new avenues of thought, and by the summer of 1842 he felt that his research had …
  • … of species  was published, but the general outline of 1842 is, to a surprising degree, present in …
  • … far from their original locations. The following year, 1842, having heard of evidence of glaciation …
  • … research required. The trip to North Wales in June 1842 was his last field trip: thereafter his …
  • … stays at Shrewsbury and Maer during the summers of 1841 and 1842 show that he was making botanical …
  • … obvious relevance to the theory of descent (Pencil sketch of 1842, in  Foundations , p. 74). …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … looking to sell Darwin’s image to the masses. Between 1842 and his death in 1882, Darwin was …
  • … Image: Charles Darwin and William Darwin, c. 1842, attributed to Antoine François Jean Claudet (1797 …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … his mouth to do so.—[35] 25v.  Feb. 20 th . 1842. Anny (, same age) has learned to shake …
  • … 28v. [39] Anny was to day March 1 st  1842 rather amused, at a wafer sticking first to one hand …
  • … case of my watch.— 29v.  March 1 st  1842— Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days …
  • … pretty & Papa for a week past perfectly clear Feb 1842 I have long observed that the …
  • … for their feelings— 31 [42] In Jan ry . 1842 it was first perceived that Willy began to …
  • … “bub my crumps” & 31v.  March 29 th . 1842.— I have some months remarked how much …
  • … gabble nonsense words,— 33  March 20: th .— 1842 Doddy is a great adept at throwing …
  • … the eyes & is a full face.— 36  March 26 th  1842 2 years & 3 mth— Doddy was …
  • … not the “beast in house”.— 37v. [50] May 1. 1842. 14 months old It is curious to see how …
  • … down the corners of his mouth[51] June 1 st . 1842 Observed the first day I put on a new …
  • … stuck to it, “no Doddy did not”. Aug 26 th .. 1842 About a fortnight ago, I met Willy …
  • … at Upper Gower Street between 12 February and 16 March 1842. [43] Stammering ran in the …
  • … [51] Emma Darwin and the children went to Maer on 3 May 1842; CD joined them on 18 May (Emma Darwin …
  • … of bees in pollination, made in the summers between 1840 and 1842, are in DAR 46.2 and DAR 205.5: 53 …

Species theory outlined

Summary

Darwin writes a 32-page outline of his ideas on species change, known as 'the pencil sketch' 

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin writes a 32-page outline of his ideas on species change, known as 'the pencil sketch'  …

Bibliography of Darwin’s geological publications

Summary

This list includes papers read by Darwin to the Geological Society of London, his books on the geology of the Beagle voyage, and other publications on geological topics.  Author-date citations refer to entries in the Darwin Correspondence Project’s…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … of the Geological Society of London  2nd ser. 6 (1842): 415-31.  [ Shorter publications , pp. 147 …
  • … to 1836 . By Charles Darwin. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1842.  [F271.] —Notes on the …
  • … by floating ice.  Philosophical Magazine  21 (1842): 180-8.   [ Shorter publications , pp.  140 …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …

Matches: 5 hits

  • … obst. doct. 35 Den Haag 20 december 1842 Rotterdam 23 …
  • … Assistant lecturer   Almelo 1842 Hoorn 5 january 1915 …
  • … School.   Dordrecht 11 oktober 1842 Tiel 9 august 1920 …
  • … Civil Engineer.   Arnhem 8 january 1842 Deventer 11 December …
  • … School.   Haarlem 2 september 1842 Amsterdam 10 may 1915 …

Living and fossil cirripedia

Summary

Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … had also completed two outlines of his ‘species theory’ (1842 Pencil sketch and 1844 Essay). …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … obst. doct. 35 Den Haag 20 December 1842 Rotterdam 23 …

Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network

Summary

The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … should be denied him. After prolonged illnesses in 1841 and 1842, years poorly represented in the  …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in …
  • … coincidence. if Wallace had my M.S. sketch written out in 1842 he could not have made a better short …

Moves to Down, Kent

Summary

The Darwins move to Down House, in the village of Down (later 'Downe'), Kent.  Darwin, who spent the rest of his life there, described it as a "good, very ugly house".

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The Darwins move to Down House, in the village of Down (later 'Downe'), Kent.  Darwin, who spent …

Alexander Burns Usborne

Summary

Alexander Burns Usborne was born in Kendal, Westmorland, in 1808, the son of Alexander and Margaret Usborne; his father died in 1818 and in his will was described as the purser on HMS Hannibal. His son joined the navy in 1825 aged 16 as a second-class…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … with his mother and his older sister Ann Amelia. In 1842 he returned to surveying around the British …
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