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To [A. J. Woodhouse?]   25 January [1867?]

Summary

Two queries on teeth: 1. Is there evidence of inherited peculiarities in milk teeth?

2. Are male incisors longer than female?

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alfred James Woodhouse
Date:  25 Jan [1867?]
Classmark:  DAR 261.11: 14 (EH 88206066)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13645

From J. S. Bowerbank   [4 November 1867]

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Summary

Reports two observations on crossing in dogs: the preservation of both pure types in the offspring of a pointer and a setter, and the influence of a first mating with a mongrel on the progeny of a Barbary bitch and a subsequent Barbary male.

Author:  James Scott Bowerbank
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [4 Nov 1867]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 261
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13780

From S. E. Wedgwood   [1867–72?]

Summary

Jessie [Wedgwood] says driving in sun made one of her eyes water.

Author:  Sarah Elizabeth (Elizabeth) Wedgwood
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [1867–72?]
Classmark:  DAR 195.4: 104
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13856

To George Robert Waterhouse   5 March [1867?]

Summary

Wishes to know the correct name for the British Museum’s specimen of an Abyssinian wolf described by Wilhelm Rueppell, Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien [1835–40] .

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Robert Waterhouse
Date:  5 Mar [1867?]
Classmark:  Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (Archives DF PAL/100/9/22)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1394

To Daniel Oliver   1 June [1867]

Summary

Asks DO to identify a plant grown from earth adhering to the foot of a woodcock.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Daniel Oliver
Date:  1 June [1867]
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3587

From W. E. Darwin   9 September [1867]

Summary

Suggests investments for CD;

discusses the opening of the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury;

mentions Edward Lumb of Buenos Aires, with whom CD stayed in Argentina.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  9 Sept [1867]
Classmark:  Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 30)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4609F

From John William Salter   4 January [1867]

Summary

Thanks CD for his kindness and hopes one day to return it.

Finds more and more observations fall in with CD’s theory but still finds it difficult to account for the sudden leaps in the fossil record and to explain why some organisms first appear as such high forms.

Author:  John William Salter
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  4 Jan [1867]
Classmark:  DAR 177: 11
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4969

From John Brodie Innes   1 September [1867]

Summary

Recommends a tutor for CD’s son.

Author:  John Brodie Innes
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Sept [1867]
Classmark:  DAR 167: 5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5205

From E. A. Darwin to Emma Darwin   [before 19 November 1867]

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Summary

Caroline says Jos [Wedgwood III] is "much pulled down".

Author:  Erasmus Alvey Darwin
Addressee:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Date:  [before 19 Nov 1867]
Classmark:  DAR 105: B121
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5334

From Erasmus Alvey Darwin to Emma Darwin   [before 3 February 1867?]

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Summary

Will be glad to see her on 4th.

Thinks Hensleigh is getting better, very slowly.

Author:  Erasmus Alvey Darwin
Addressee:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Date:  [before 3 Feb 1867?]
Classmark:  DAR 105: B122–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5335

From George Henslow   [c. August 1867?]

Summary

Thanks CD for his interesting papers.

Author:  George Henslow
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [c. Aug 1867?]
Classmark:  DAR 166: 148
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5336

From Edward Blyth   [2–30 March 1867]

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Summary

Discussion of origin of domestic sheep races. Some comments on the yak and the wild ancestors of the llama and alpaca.

Author:  Edward Blyth
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [2–30 Mar 1867]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 208
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5337

To Charles Henry Middleton   20 [1867?]

Summary

Sorry he cannot remember where S. Filippe [San Felipe?] is.

Doubts that bones of ox, sheep, and horse could have been deposited in guano [on coast of Chile], but they would be worth examination.

[Tipped in copy of Origin (1866) with CHM’s bookplate.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Henry Middleton
Date:  20 [Jan-Dec] 1867
Classmark:  Christ’s College Library, Cambridge (in Middleton’s copy of Origin 4th ed., BB.5.6)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5341

From E. A. Darwin   22 [March 1867]

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Summary

Is sending a copy of [John] Shaw’s book, which Lady Bell says is based on Charles Bell’s papers [possibly C. Bell, A treatise on diseases of the urethra, 3d ed. with notes by John Shaw (1822)].

Author:  Erasmus Alvey Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 [Mar 1867]
Classmark:  DAR 105: B56
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5342

From Thomas Henry Huxley   [before 7 January 1867]

Summary

On Haeckel’s Generelle Morphologie; the logical argument for natural selection is still incomplete. THH jumps over the hole by an act of faith.

Author:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 7 Jan 1867]
Classmark:  DAR 102: 134a–d
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5343

To Athenæum   1 January 1867

Summary

Expresses his support for new books being sold with the pages cut.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Athenæum
Date:  1 Jan 1867
Classmark:  Athenæum, 5 January 1867, pp. 18–19
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5343F

From Fritz Müller   1 January 1867

Summary

Describes his experiments in fertilising Oncidium flexuosum and comparison with Notylia.

Has been examining Catasetum.

Encloses seeds of two species of Gesneria and describes hairs in the seed capsule. Hairs in other plants seem to have a different function.

Starting tomorrow for a botanical excursion on the Continent.

Author:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Jan 1867
Classmark:  Möller ed. 1915–21, 2: 104–9; DAR 157a: 104
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5344A

From John Murray   2 January [1867]

Summary

William Clowes [printer for J. Murray] estimates that Variation will come to a first volume of 648 pages and a second volume of 624 pages – which is too much for volumes the same size as Origin. Murray proposes a larger size.

Author:  John Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Jan [1867]
Classmark:  DAR 171: 342
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5345

To John Murray   3 January [1867]

Summary

Sorry about enormous size of Variation MS, but cannot shorten it now. If JM is afraid to publish, CD will consider agreement cancelled. Suggests he ask someone with judgment to read the MS. Has written concluding chapter on man. Whether it will be included depends on size of volume.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Murray
Date:  3 Jan [1867]
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms.42152 ff. 158–160)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5346

To William Bernhard Tegetmeier   6 January [1867]

Summary

Returns some of WBT’s skulls.

His MS is with printer, but book [Variation] will probably not be out until November.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  6 Jan [1867]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5347
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Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute

Summary

Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…

Matches: 30 hits

  • …   Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work,  The …
  • … publisher in the final week of 1866. It would take all of 1867 to correct proofs, and just when …
  • … becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in 1867, as he continued to circulate a list of …
  • … transmutation theory. Three important new correspondents in 1867 were Hermann Müller and Anton Dohrn …
  • … the New Year’s greeting, ‘may you be eupeptic through 1867 & your friends & the world in …
  • … publisher, John Murray, he wrote to Murray on 3 January 1867 , ‘I cannot tell you how sorry I am …
  • … for selling a Book’ ( letter to John Murray, 31 January [1867] ). A week later, Darwin had …
  • … the additional chapter. In a letter written on 8 February [1867] to his close friend, Joseph …
  • … Darwin’s time. The first proof-sheets arrived on 1 March 1867 and the tedious work of correction …
  • … . In a letter to his son William dated 27 [March 1867] , he admitted, ‘I fear the book is by no …
  • … papers with his first letter to Darwin of 15 March 1867 , although he described some of Alexander …
  • … told his publisher, John Murray, in a letter of 4 April [1867] , not to send stereotypes of the …
  • … had received other offers, notably one from Vogt in April 1867, to translate the new work. Carus had …
  • … will be published’ ( letter from J. V. Carus, 5 April 1867 ). This hint of uncertainty caused …
  • … to give up the task’ ( letter to Carl Vogt, 12 April [1867] ). Darwin need not have worried …
  • … to the German public ( letter from J. V. Carus, 15 April 1867 ). Darwin may not have fully …
  • … in preference to you’ ( letter to J. V. Carus, 18 April [1867] ). Darwin was not disappointed in …
  • … the ‘wonderful discovery’ to Darwin on 14 March 1867 . Then, in April, Robert Trail wrote from …
  • … in a mottled hybrid ( letter from Robert Trail, 5 April 1867 ). Darwin told his American friend …
  • … physiological fact’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 15 April [1867] ). Although he did not succeed in …
  • … step in Biology’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 22 August [1867] ). Darwin’s insecurity persisted, …
  • … ferocity’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 17 November [1867] ). Even when the corrections were …
  • … to be introduced’ ( letter to W. S. Dallas, 8 November [1867] ). Dallas resisted the temptation to …
  • … as I could wish’ (letter from W. S. Dallas, 20 November 1867). Dallas, like Carus, alerted Darwin to …
  • … for information on Fuegian expressions. On 11 January 1867, Sulivan replied , enclosing belated …
  • … 27 years old In a letter of 22 February [1867] to Fritz Müller in Brazil, in which …
  • … Russel Wallace, who suggested in his response of 11 March [1867] that Darwin send his queries to …
  • … ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [12–17] March [1867] ). Darwin’s doggedness in pursuing answers to his …
  • … so do not want any more’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 15 April [1867] ). Nevertheless, at some point …
  • … in  Notes and Queries on China and Japan , 31 August 1867. Another version, possibly derived from …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 27 hits

  • … expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to …
  • … Barber, Mary E. [after Feb 1867] [Grahamstown, Cape …
  • … Bowker, J.H. [10 Dec 1867] [Cape of Good Hope (South …
  • … Bowman, William 5 Aug 1867 5 Clifford St, London, …
  • … Darwin, Francis 20 June 1867 Unknown? …
  • … Erskine, H. N. B. 1 Nov 1867 [Ahmednuggur, Bombay, …
  • … Gaika, Christian 7 July 1867 Bedford [Cape of Good …
  • … Geach, F.F. June 1867 Johore, Malaysia …
  • … Gibbs, George 31 March 1867 Smithsonian Institution, …
  • … Gray, Asa 26 March 1867 Cambridge, Massachusetts, …
  • … Haast, J.F.J. von 12 May - 2 June 1867 Christchurch, …
  • … Haast, J.F.J. von 4 Dec 1867 Christchurch, New …
  • … Hagenauer, F.A. [12 Sept 1867] Lake Wellington, …
  • … Huxley, H.A. 22 Mar [1867] Abbey Place, London, …
  • … Kempson, L.F. 20 June 1867 Penmaenmawr, Conway, …
  • … Lubbock, E.F. [1867-8?] Lombard Street, London? …
  • … Muller, Fritz 22 Feb [1867] Down, Kent, England …
  • … Paget, James 9 July 1867 1 Harewood Place, Hanover …
  • … Rothrock, J.T. 31 March 1867 McVeytown [Pennsylvania …
  • … Stack, James West 4 Dec 1867 Christchurch, New …
  • … Sulivan, B.J. 11 Jan 1867 Bournemouth, England …
  • … Sutton, Seth 8 Aug 1867 Zoological Gardens, Regents …
  • … Swinhoe, Robert 5 Aug 1867 Amoy, China …
  • … Wallace, A. R. 2 March [1867] 9 St. Mark’s Crescent, …
  • … Wallace, A. R. 11 March [1867] 9 St. Mark’s Crescent …
  • … Weale, J.P.M. 7 July 1867 Bedford, Cape of Good Hope …
  • … Weale, J.P.M. [10 Dec 1867] Bedford, Cape of Good …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … a series of experiments, reporting back to Bornet in August 1867 that all but one of the varieties …
  • … ( To Fritz Müller, [late December 1866 and] 1 January 1867 ). The following year, his experiments …
  • … to the conditions that might affect his results. In March 1867, he told his close friend Joseph …
  • … two distinct plants’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1867] ). He noted another factor in a letter to …
  • … & so have been rarely crossed’ ( To Asa Gray, 15 April [1867] ). One of these ‘exotics’ was …
  • … for part of the year ( To J. T. Moggridge, 1 October [1867] ). Darwin was beginning to suspect …

A fly on the flower: From Hermann Müller, 23 October 1867

Summary

In March 1867, Hermann Müller, a young teacher of natural sciences at a provincial Realschule (a type of secondary school that emphasised the natural sciences) in Lippstadt in the Prussian province of Westphalia, sent Darwin two papers on the mosses of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In March 1867, Hermann Müller , a young teacher of natural sciences at a provincial …
  • … collecting nectar and pollen. A letter he wrote in October 1867 contained the first ever description …

John Lubbock

Summary

John Lubbock was eight years old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of one hundred and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that the two men lived…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Sunday to Mahomet.   ( to John Lubbock, 26 March [1867] ) The most striking …
  • … 'not a little in the dark' ( to John Lubbock, 26 March [1867] ). Trouble with the …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber responds to …
  • … Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [8 June 1867 - 72] Darwin asks his niece, …
  • … Letter 5602 - Sutton, S. to Darwin, [8 August 1867] Sutton, the keeper of the …
  • … 5705 - Haast, J. F. J. von to Darwin, [4 December 1867] Explorer and geologist Haast …
  • … Letter 5585  - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [26 July 1867] Darwin praises Henrietta’s …
  • … Letter 5403  - Darwin to Carus,  J. V.  [17 February 1867] Darwin thanks Carus for his …
  • … 5410  - Darwin to Muller, J. F. T., [22 February 1867] Darwin thanks Muller for …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 5605: Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 15 Aug [1867] Darwin asks Fritz Müller, a …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … 1865 Letter to J. P. M. Weale, 27 August [1867] Letter from J P. M. Weale, [10 …

Edward Lumb

Summary

Edward Lumb was born in Yorkshire. According to the memoirs of his daughter Anne, Lady Macdonell, he travelled to Buenos Aires aged sixteen with his merchant uncle, Charles Poynton, and after some fortunate enterprises set up in business there. In 1833…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … still at Buenos Aires, or even still alive. However, in 1867 Darwin’s son, William, went to the …
  • … persuaded her husband to go back to Buenos Aires in October 1867. However, they had eventually …

A tale of two bees

Summary

Darwinian evolution theory fundamentally changed the way we understand the environment and even led to the coining of the word 'ecology'. Darwin was fascinated by bees: he devised experiments to study the comb-building technique of honey bees and…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … much ahead of his time when, in a letter to Darwin in 1867 , he commented on Edward Wilson’s plan …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 7312 - Darwin to Darwin, F., [30 August 1867 - 70] Darwin asks his son, …
  • … Letter 5391 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [6 February 1867] Lydia Becker thanks Darwin …
  • … Letter 5712 - Dallas, W. S. to Darwin, [8 December 1867] Translator and author …

Sexual selection

Summary

Although natural selection could explain the differences between species, Darwin realised that (other than in the reproductive organs themselves) it could not explain the often marked differences between the males and females of the same species.  So what…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Variation under domestication,  neared completion in 1867, that he systematically sought more …
  • … Typical is his query to Fritz Müller in  February 1867 : Do you know of any lowly …
  • … as an argument in favour of Divine creation (Campbell  1867, pp. 203–4). Brent gave it as his …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 5457 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, C. R., 23 Mar 1867 Müller explains how Origin …
  • … 5471 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, H. L. H., 29 Mar [1867] Darwin learns that German botanist …
  • … Letter 5481 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, C. R., 1 Apr [1867] Müller thanks Darwin for the …
  • … Letter 5657 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, C. R., 23 Oct 1867 Müller thanks Darwin for the …
  • … Letter 5585 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, H. E., 26 July [1867] Darwin writes to his daughter …
  • … Letter 5745 — Barber, M. E. to Darwin, C. R., [after Feb 1867] In this letter, naturalist, …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 5429 — Müller, J. F. T. to Darwin, C. R., 4 Mar 1867 Müller reports observations on …
  • … Letter 5480 — Müller, J. F. T. to Darwin, C. R., 1 Apr 1867 Müller cites cases of difference …
  • … 5551 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 26 May [1867] Darwin thanks Müller for information …

Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, [1867 - 72] Darwin’s niece, Frances, …
  • … Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [9 June 1867 - 72] Darwin asks his niece to …

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 5500 — Darwin, C. R. to Haeckel, E. P. A., 12 Apr [1867] Darwin is sympathetic to Haeckel’s …
  • … Letter 5533 — Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, C. R., 12 May 1867 Haeckel thanks Darwin for the …
  • … 5544 — Darwin, C. R. to Haeckel, E. P. A., 21 May [1867] Darwin discusses his previous …

Race, Civilization, and Progress

Summary

Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 5617 , Darwin to Weale, J. P. M., 27 August [1867] "You have been extremely …
  • … Letter 5722 , Weale, J. P. M. to Darwin, [10 December 1867] "You speak sanguinely …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Lyell had been a strong advocate of common descent. In 1867, Lyell expressed his enthusiasm for …
  • … of the organic world ( letter from Charles Lyell, 16 July 1867 ). In the same year, Darwin made a …
  • … property’ ( letter to George Warington, 11 October [1867] ). Respecting the privacy of …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 5565 — Kingsley, Charles to Darwin, C. R., 6 June 1867 Clergyman Charles Kingsley …
  • … 5648 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 12–13 Oct [1867] Darwin thinks naturalist A. R. …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 1 hits

  • … A GRAY 15 AUGUST 1868 177  TO A GRAY 15 APRIL 1867 178  C DARWIN TO JD …
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