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To William Benjamin Carpenter   6 January [1860]

Summary

WBC’s review [of Origin, Natl Rev. 10 (1860): 188–214] will do great good. It "turns the flanks of theological opposers" capitally.

Asks for information about cuckoo eggs and West Indian sheep.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Benjamin Carpenter
Date:  6 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 261.6: 4 (EH 88205921)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2641

From Joshua Toulmin Smith   6 January 1860

Summary

Sends a copy of his Ventriculidae [of the Chalk (1848)]. This group, he feels, is well represented by CD’s plate of graduating species [Origin, ch. 4].

Author:  Joshua Toulmin Smith
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 Jan 1860
Classmark:  DAR 261.11: 32.ii (EH 88206084)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2642

From Thomas Bridges   [October 1860 or later]

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Summary

Answers to queries on expression with respect to Fuegians.

Author:  Thomas Bridges
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [Oct 1860 or later]
Classmark:  DAR 85: 39
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2643

To Leonard Jenyns   7 January [1860]

Summary

Thanks LJ for his letter on Origin. Finds LJ agrees with him more than CD had expected.

Discusses problems of geological record, single primordial form, and man.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Leonard Jenyns; Leonard Blomefield
Date:  7 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2644

To Asa Gray   7 January [1860]

Summary

Comments on AG’s memoir on Japanese plants [see 2599]; relationship of Japanese flora to N. American.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  7 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (15)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2645

To T. H. Huxley   9 January [1860]

Summary

Sends ticket to pigeon show.

A quotation from Erasmus Darwin’s Zoonomia [1794, 1796] shows that he anticipated Lamarck.

G. Grote impressed by Times review [26 Dec 1859, p. 8].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  9 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 96)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2646

To Charles Lyell   10 January [1860]

Summary

Comments on corrections [in Origin, 2d ed. (1860)], especially on use of Wallace’s name.

Discusses human evolution with respect to CL’s work. Cites expression as a source of evidence.

Andrew Murray’s criticisms of the Origin involving blind insects in caves [Edinburgh New Philos. J. n.s. 11 (1860): 141–51].

Humorously describes human ancestors.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  10 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.191)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2647

To T. H. Huxley   11 January [1860]

Summary

On the problem of want of sterility in crosses of domestic varieties. Refers to discussion in Origin, pp. 267–72 ["Fertility of varieties when crossed"]. We do not know precise cause of sterility in species.

Andrew Murray has attacked Origin [see 2647].

H. C. Watson objects to natural selection on grounds of limitless diversification of species.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  11 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 98)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2649

To Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire   12 January [1860]

Summary

Very pleased with IGStH’s approval [of Origin]. Will be proud to place IGStH’s Résumé des lecons sur la question de l’espèce (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1851) alongside his other works in his library.

Grateful for his offer to look over the difficult passages in Origin for a translator.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Date:  12 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Archives de l’Académie des sciences, Paris (63 J Fonds Gabriel Bertrand)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2649F

To Charles Lyell   14 January [1860]

Summary

Review of Origin in Gardeners’ Chronicle [31 Dec 1859].

Criticises views of J. G. Jeffreys on non-migration of shells. Cites case of Galapagos shells.

Mentions Edward Forbes’s theory of submerged continental extensions. Cites Hooker’s [introductory] essay [in Flora Tasmaniae (1860)] for evidence against any recent connection between Australia and New Zealand.

Discusses Huxley’s views of hybrid sterility.

Questions whether Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire believed in species change. Mentions views of Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.

The distribution of cave insects.

CD’s study of man.

The problems of locating French and German translators.

Huxley’s criticism of Owen’s views on human classification.

The sale of Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  14 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.192)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2650

To J. D. Hooker   14 [January 1860]

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Summary

CD has learned from Lyell that JDH reviewed Origin in Gardeners’ Chronicle writing in Lindley’s style.

Lyell is working on man.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  14 [Jan 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 36
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2651

To Edward Cresy   15 January [1860]

Summary

P. T. A. Talandier wants to translate Origin into French. Talandier gave Louis Blanc as a referee. Could Mrs Cresy, who knows Blanc, find out what he thinks of Talandier?

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Cresy, Jr
Date:  15 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Private collection
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2652

To Armand de Quatrefages   15 January [1860]

Summary

Asks if Quatrefages has found anyone to translate Origin into French, because P. T. A. Talandier, although not a naturalist, wishes to do so.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Jean Louis Armand (Armand de Quatrefages) Quatrefages de Bréau
Date:  15 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Archives de l’Académie des sciences, Paris (75 J 837 Fonds Alfred Lacroix)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2652F

To Williams and Norgate   16 January [1860]

Summary

Orders J. E. Tennent’s work on Ceylon [Sir James Emerson, afterwards Tennent, Ceylon, an account of the island, physical, historical, and topographical (1859)], and Richard Owen’s Classification and distribution of Mammalia [1859].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Williams & Norgate
Date:  16 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2653

DCP-LETT-2653A

Summary

Origin reached AG at Christmas. Louis Agassiz cannot abide the book and has publicly denounced it as atheism. AG feels bound to defend the book and counter the "demagogue" Agassiz. Has written a long article to this end [Am. J. Sci. and Arts 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84].

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Francis Boott
Date:  16 Jan 1860
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2653A

To Baden Powell   18 January [1860]

Summary

CD is pleased by BP’s appreciative opinion of Origin. He never intended to claim that he originated the doctrine that species have not been independently created. The only novelty in his work is the attempt to explain how species became modified and how the theory of descent explains large classes of facts. If he has taken anything from BP, he has done so unconsciously. Gives names of those he would have mentioned in any account of authors who maintained that species have not been separately created.

CD greatly admires BP’s Philosophy of creation.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Baden Powell
Date:  18 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (Quentin Keynes collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2654

To Baden Powell   18 January [1860]

Summary

To avoid possible misundertanding of his letter [2654] of that morning, CD wishes to make clear that he did not wish to imply that BP’s essay and the Vestiges of creation were in the same class. The more he thinks of it the more difficult he feels it would be to give a fair account of the authors who have maintained the modification of species. CD finds that he referred to BP’s views in the preface to his larger work [Natural selection], which was replaced by the Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Baden Powell
Date:  18 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (Quentin Keynes collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2655

To William Bernhard Tegetmeier   20 January [1860]

Summary

Gives the results of crossing experiments; some interesting and curious facts.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  20 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2656

To Edward Cresy   20 January [1860]

Summary

Thanks EC for help in finding French translator [for Origin].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Cresy, Jr
Date:  20 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 143
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2657

To Gardeners’ Chronicle   [14–19 January 1860]

Summary

Hopes readers will send information on the permanence of cross-bred plants and animals. No one doubts that cross-bred productions tend to revert in various degrees to either parent for many generations. But are there not cases of crossed breeds of sheep and pigs that breed true? CD believes occasional cross-breeding of varieties is advantageous in nature as well as under domestication. [See reply to this letter by J. O. Westwood, Gard. Chron. (1860): 122.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Gardeners’ Chronicle
Date:  [14–19 Jan 1860]
Classmark:  Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 21 January 1860, p. 49
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2658
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