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Darwin Correspondence Project
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To John Lubbock   12 November [1881]

Summary

JL’s sentence about glaciation will do excellently. Is glad JL thought about dimorphism of butterflies.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Date:  12 Nov [1881]
Classmark:  Sotheby’s (dealers) (11 July 2017)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11743F

From W. R. Browne   [20–2] November [1881]

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Summary

Announces intention to hold a private conference with the Archbishop of Canterbury with the aim of encouraging men of science to reaffirm their religious beliefs and also to publish a series of articles in the Contemporary Review on the state of the various sciences.

Author:  Walter Raleigh Browne
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [20–2] Nov [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 334
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12789

To Francis Darwin   [9 November 1881]

Summary

Tells some of his observations on root cells. Has thought of three good experiments to oppose Julius von Wiesner.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [9 Nov 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 70
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13065

From W. E. Darwin   1 November 1881

Summary

Requests a list of CD’s trust securities; he and Sara have finished Worms; asks what he should do with dividend warrant.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Nov 1881
Classmark:  Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 95)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13445F

To Camilla Pattrick   [after 6 November 1881]

Summary

Asks her to translate a letter by W. F. P. Pfeffer. Mentions views of Julius von Wiesner.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Camilla Frederike Antonie (Camilla) Ludwig; Camilla Frederike Antonie (Camilla) Pattrick
Date:  [after 6 Nov 1881]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.602)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13447

From F. B. Zincke   1 November 1881

Summary

Has found prehistoric tools in his orchard that he believes have been buried by the action of earthworms.

Author:  Foster Barham Zincke
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 184: 12
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13448

From L. J. Jones   1 November [1881]

Summary

Points out an error in Earthworms.

Author:  Lawrence John Jones, 4th baronet
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Nov [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 168: 80
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13449

To S. H. Vines   1 November 1881

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Summary

Asks SHV about nature of granular matter formed in root cells of Euphorbia peplus which have been placed in solution of ammonium carbonate.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Sydney Howard Vines
Date:  1 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 185: 75
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13450

To Archibald Geikie   11 November 1881

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Summary

Interested in the fossil scorpions found by AG in the Lower Carboniferous strata of Scotland. Hopes further searches will yield more land animals and offers to subscribe funds to such a search if it falls outside the Geological Survey’s work.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Archibald Geikie
Date:  11 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 185: 134
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13451

To L. J. Jones   2 November 1881

Summary

Thanks LJJ for informing him of error [in Earthworms].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Lawrence John Jones, 4th baronet
Date:  2 Nov 1881
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.599)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13452

From W. B. Tegetmeier   2 November 1881

Summary

Encloses his review of Earthworms.

Author:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 178: 85
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13453

To J. V. Carus   2 November 1881

Summary

Sends corrections ("two bad errata & a blunder") in Earthworms, which is selling well in England.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Julius Victor Carus
Date:  2 Nov 1881
Classmark:  Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 193–194)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13454

From S. H. Vines   2 November [1881]

Summary

On the action of ammonium carbonate on plant cells. "Aggregation" of protoplasm.

Author:  Sydney Howard Vines
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Nov [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 180: 6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13455

To C.-F. Reinwald   2 November 1881

Summary

Errata discovered in Earthworms are listed. Large sales in England, but this is no indication for France. [See 13510.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles-Ferdinand Reinwald
Date:  2 Nov 1881
Classmark:  David Schulson (dealer) (Catalogue 43)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13455A

To F. B. Zincke   3 November 1881

Summary

CD thinks the celts [prehistoric tools] on the pan could not have been buried wholly by worms.

As for large size of Arctic mammals, CD suggests it is an advantage in retaining warmth.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Foster Barham Zincke
Date:  3 Nov 1881
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13456

To W. B. Tegetmeier   3 November 1881

Summary

Thanks for the review [of Earthworms].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  3 Nov 1881
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13457

From Charles Layton   3 November 1881

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Summary

Encloses statement of US sales of CD’s works and sends a cheque for the balance due to CD.

Author:  Charles James (Charles) Layton; D. Appleton & Co
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 159: 110
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13458

From J. F. Simpson   4 November 1881

Summary

Relates some of his observations on the behaviour and activity of earthworms.

Author:  James Frederick Simpson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  4 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 177: 167
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13459

To S. H. Vines   4 November 1881

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Summary

Thanks SHV for his letter [13455] in answer to his questions about the action of ammonium carbonate on the root cells of Euphorbia peplus. Suggests further observations.

Has read J. Sachs [Textbook of botany, English translation (1875)] and H. A. De Bary [Vergleichende Anatomie (1877)] on milk-tubes. He believes that tubes he has observed in germinating roots of Euphorbia myrsinites are modified milk tubes. Will send a paper on the subject to the Linnean Society.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Sydney Howard Vines
Date:  4 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 185: 76
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13459A

From R. F. Cooke   5 November 1881

Summary

Memorandum: "3500 Worms!!!" sold at annual sale; 117 Movement in plants; 180 "Naturalist" [Journal of researches]; 600 Origin; 320 Descent.

Author:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 Nov 1881
Classmark:  DAR 171: 523
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13460
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The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 16 hits

  • … on the topic. Lyell also added the following note on page 11: *Mr. John Lubbock published …
  • … 2 have struck out Galton & Prestwich at p. 11 who will be surprisd [ sic ] to …
  • … had done ‘an injustice’ to Falconer and Prestwich. 11 In the same review Lubbock expressed …
  • … he took exception to the wording of the note on p. 11 of C. Lyell 1863c, which implied that Lubbock …
  • … The statement made by Sir Charles Lyell, in a note to page 11 of his work, that my article on the …
  • … of the note in the preface (letter to John Lubbock, 11 June [1865] ). No correspondence with …
  • … of the preface of C. Lyell 1863c and reworded the note on p. 11.  Unlike the earlier …
  • …  Lyell revised both the preface and the note on page 11 of the third edition of Antiquity of man …
  • … versions of the end of the preface and of the note on page 11 are included below.  Preface, C …
  • … as well as of the subsequent issues.” Note on page 11, C. Lyell 1863c (original version) …
  • … made by him in company with Mr. Busk. Note on page 11, C. Lyell 1863c (revised version) …
  • … in Letters, 1863 , (introduction to Correspondence vol. 11, pp. xv–xvii). For a comparison of …
  • … 1984, pp. 154–9. 7. See Correspondence vol. 11, letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] …
  • … Bartholomew 1973. 8. See Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March …
  • … 18 April [1863 ]. 10. Correspondence vol. 11, letter to J. D. Hooker, 17 March …
  • … (rough draft of letter from T. H. Huxley to Charles Lyell, 11 June 1865, Imperial College, Huxley …

Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition

Summary

Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn.  That lost list is recreated here.

Matches: 7 hits

  • … German edition (see letter from H. G. Bronn, [before 11 March 1862] ). Since the publication of …
  • … & a few of importance’ (see letter to H. G. Bronn, 11 March [1862] ). Darwin had sent Bronn …
  • … letter from E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 11 July 1862 ). (No American edition …
  • … we shall immediately see)’.    Page xiv, n., line 11, delete ‘in the years 1794–5’.    …
  • … substitute for ‘but then  . . .  kinds of flowers.’: 11                    In just some of …
  • … sentence also appears in Origin 4th ed., p. 20. 11.  p. 56. This whole paragraph was …
  • … in Origin 4th ed., p. 449. 47.  p. 409–11. This passage also appears, with slight …

1.1 Ellen Sharples pastel

Summary

< Back to Introduction The earliest surviving portrayal of Darwin, who was born on 12 February 1809, is this pastel or chalk drawing by Ellen Wallace Sharples. He is shown kneeling chivalrously before his sister Catherine (born in 1810), in the kind…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Art Journal , 16:1 (Spring–Summer 1995), pp. 3–11. Julius Bryant (ed.), English Heritage …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel …
  • … review me in a hostile spirit’ ( letter to John Murray, 11 August 1874 ). Darwin was …
  • … Correspondence  vol. 20, letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). To Darwin’s relief, …
  • … the moment of being hatched ( letter to  Nature , 7 and 11 May [1874] ; Spalding 1872a). …
  • … & that must be enough for me’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). Plants that eat . …
  • … cartilage, bone & meat &c. &c.’ ( letter to W. D. Fox,  11 May [1874] ). His research …
  • … Correspondence  vol. 21, letter from Francis Darwin,  [11 October 1873] ). Darwin wasted …
  • … the photograph he sent highly ( letter from D. F. Nevill, [11 September 1874] ). At the …

Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments

Summary

1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … gave him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ). Darwin was altogether …
  • … on  Linum  ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his experiments in …
  • … of Natural History’ ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 11 July [1862] ). She had had assistance …
  • … for a second edition ( letter from H. G. Bronn, [before 11 March 1862] ), Darwin asked him to use …
  • … see letter from E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 11 July 1862 ). Yet Darwin was now …
  • … interest. He told Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 11 September [1862] ): ‘This is a nice, but …
  • … from one parent’ ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 11 July [1862] ). really good …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
  • … Chaumont, F.S.B.F. de 11 March 1871 Woolston, …
  • … 9 Nov 1870 11 St Mary Abbot's Terrace, London, England …
  • … 1 Feb 1871 11 St Mary Abbot's Terrace, London, England   …
  • … 7 Sept 1872 11 St Mary Abbot's Terrace, London, England …
  • … 1 Feb. 1871 11 Saint Mary Abbot's Terrace, Kensington. W., London, …
  • … Sulivan, B.J. 11 Jan 1867 Bournemouth, England …
  • … Wallace, A. R. 11 March [1867] 9 St. Mark’s Crescent …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … regarding species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). The botanist Asa Gray, …
  • … by descent put him ‘into despair’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). In the same letter, he …
  • … bottom of seas, lakes, and rivers ( Correspondence vol. 11, Appendix VII). Quarrels at …
  • … Academy of Sciences, Berlin (see Correspondence vol. 11, Appendix III), and of the Société des …
  • … unsuccessful ( see letter from E. A. Darwin to Emma Darwin, 11 November [1863] ). The council of …
  • … [9 May 1863] , and memorandum from G. H. Darwin, [before 11 May 1863]) . As he struggled …
  • … to drive the quietest man mad’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). Hooker and Gray agreed …
  • … tropical plants than before (see Correspondence vol. 11, Appendix VI). He was fascinated with …
  • … pistils mature at different times ( see letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). The fertility of …
  • … ‘Crossing & Sterility’ (see Correspondence vol. 11, Appendix II). When Darwin finished, by …
  • … animal suffering caused by them (see Correspondence vol. 11, Appendix IX). Francis Darwin later …

Darwin's 1874 letters go online

Summary

The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1874 through his letters and see a full list of the letters. The 1874 letters…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … as not signifying so much.  ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) At the age of 65, …
  • … & that must be enough for me  ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) During the …

Race, Civilization, and Progress

Summary

Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … man in his most "primitive wildness" ( letter to Henslow, 11 April 1833 ). They …
  • … Letter 204 : Darwin to Henslow, J. S., 11 April 1833 "The Fuegians are in a more …
  • … 98). Letter 2503 : Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, C., 11 October [1859] "the …
  • … Letter 2503 : Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, C., 11 October [1859] I suppose that you do not …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … St George Jackson Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart,  11 January [1872] ). A worsening …
  • … Mivart not to acknowledge it ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate …
  • … attacks on Darwin became notorious, had written on 11 May expressing concern that his recently, …
  • … well informed: `The die is cast’, he wrote excitedly on 11 May , when the matter was first raised …

Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … the popularity of his book, writing to Robert Cooke on 11 April , ‘though I believe it is of …
  • … for extended periods. In a letter to Thiselton-Dyer of 11 October , Darwin described how the …
  • … Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the …
  • … visits from distinguished persons. Gladstone came to Down on 11 March. ‘I expected a stern, …
  • … not been a difficulty to me,’ he replied to Romanes on 11 June , ‘as I have never believed in a …
  • … that they become quite tipsy’ ( letter to W. M. Moorsom, 11 September [1877] ). Moorsom replied …

Charles Harrison Blackley

Summary

You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 5 July [1873] ) Blackley wrote back on 11 July 1873 that the distinction had ‘a …
  • … research remained elusive.   He wrote to Darwin on 11 July 1873 : The problem of cure …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time.  And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth.  All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 September just hours after Amy’s …
  • … naturalist Thomas Edward ( letter from F. M. Balfour, 11 December 1876 ; letter to Samuel Smiles …
  • … who died at the age of 10 in 1851, but William, who was 11 years old at the time of her death, would …
  • … you are one of the best of all’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 11 September [1876] ). …
  • … do I cannot conceive’, Darwin wrote anxiously to Hooker on 11 September. By the time Darwin …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 10 hits

  • … in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN:  11   My dear Hooker… What a remarkably …
  • … 1 OCTOBER 1846 7  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER 11 JANUARY 1844 8  C DARWIN TO A …
  • … 10  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 24 AUGUST 1855 11  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 5 JUNE 1855 …
  • … 22 NOVEMBER 1856 29  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 APRIL 1861 30  A GRAY TO C …
  • … A GRAY, 23 SEPTEMBER 1858 58 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 11 OCTOBER 1858 59 A GRAY TO …
  • … HOOKER, 18 OCTOBER 1859 63  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 NOVEMBER 1859 64 JD …
  • … 13 NOVEMBER 1859 66  C DARWIN TO R OWEN, 11 NOVEMBER 1859 67  C DARWIN …
  • … 17 FEBRUARY 1861 111  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 DECEMBER 1861 112  C DARWIN …
  • … DARWIN TO A GRAY 28 MAY 1864 159  FROM A GRAY 11 JULY 1864 160  C DARWIN …
  • … TO A GRAY 28 JANUARY 1876 204  FROM A GRAY 11 DECEMBER 1874 205  TO A …

Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health

Summary

On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’.  Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the venerable beard gives …
  • … continue his observations indoors ( Correspondence  vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] …
  • … two letters to the  Athenæum  ( Correspondence  vol. 11). Darwin’s anxiety about the matter was …
  • … and the question of human origins ( Correspondence vol. 11). Wallace, however, traced a possible …

Thomas Rivers

Summary

Rivers and Darwin exchanged around 30 letters, most in 1863 when Darwin was hard at work on the manuscript of Variation of plants and animals under domestication, the lengthy and detailed sequel to Origin of species. Rivers, an experienced plant breeder…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … crumbs of knowledge out of your wealth of information? ( 11 January [1863] ) Rivers and …
  • … Purpose”. When this letter was first published in volume 11 of the Correspondence, our transcription …

Darwin and Religion

Summary

When Darwin published On the Origin of Species, was there a clear cut division between those who supported science and those who supported God? Find out how Darwin’s letters reveal a complex reaction from all sides and a desire from Darwin to keep his…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Pupils explore the reaction to Darwin’s findings as evidenced through his letters. Activities …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … be a good wife I have indeed neglected my 10 talents. 11 July 5th. A beautiful day …
  • … . 10 Bradshaw’s railway guide . 11 For the biblical parable of the talents …

Darwin's bad days

Summary

Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Key letters: Letter to J. S. Henslow, 11 April 1833 Letter to C. R. Lyell, 11
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