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From Lionel Ashburner   25 June 1871

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Summary

Gives examples of animal species in which adult males castrate or kill younger males.

Author:  Lionel Robert (Lionel) Ashburner
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 June 1871
Classmark:  DAR 159: 115
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10551

To W. E. Darwin   15 March [1871]

Summary

Wants WED to thank F. de Chaumont for some valuable observations.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  15 Mar [1871]
Classmark:  Wellcome Collection (RAMC/473/1). Trustees of the Army Medical Services Museum.
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11936

From Maria   [1871–82]

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Summary

On the Christian God; questioning of CD’s religious beliefs.

Author:  Maria
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [1871–82]
Classmark:  DAR 201: 24
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12385

To Maria   [1871–82]

Summary

Regrets he has not time to develop points touched on in her letter and that he does not understand what information she wants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Maria
Date:  [1871–82]
Classmark:  DAR 201: 24v
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12386

From Maria   [1871–82]

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Summary

Writes at length on importance of God and Catholicism, and the need to seek salvation.

Author:  Maria
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [1871–82]
Classmark:  DAR 201: 25
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12387

From A child of God   [after 24 February 1871?]

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Summary

Urges CD to repent and seek salvation through Christ.

Author:  Unidentified
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 24 Feb 1871?]
Classmark:  DAR 201: 1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13770

From J. W. Abernethy   [after 18 February 1871]

Summary

A poem, "Burns to Darwin".

Author:  Julian Willis Abernethy
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 18 Feb 1871]
Classmark:  DAR 140.4: 26
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13771

To E. A. Darwin   7 September [1871]

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Summary

Wants to sell some shares held in trust by EAD and Josiah Wedgwood [III].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Erasmus Alvey Darwin
Date:  7 Sept [1871]
Classmark:  DAR 210.10: 27
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13789

To Miss Fenwick   8 February [1871–82]

Summary

Sends two waste sheets of MS of Descent; Miss F can cut out any portion she likes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Miss Fenwick
Date:  8 Feb [1871-82]
Classmark:  John Hay Library, Brown University (Hay MSS Ms.44.31)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13806

From Caroline Shuttleworth   27 November [1871–80?]

Summary

Reports peculiar behaviour in a fantail pigeon, which persistently courted a ginger-beer bottle.

Author:  Caroline Jemima (Caroline) Shuttleworth
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  27 Nov [1871-80]
Classmark:  DAR 177: 158
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13840

From D. Thomas   [after 11 March 1871]

Summary

CD is "bent upon linking the monkey race to us"; DT finds it striking that CD should so resemble an ape.

Author:  D. Thomas
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 11 Mar 1871]
Classmark:  DAR 178: 108
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13849

From R. H. Wedgwood   [1871–82]

Summary

An instance of long memory in a horse.

Author:  Rowland Henry Wedgwood
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [1871–82]
Classmark:  Romanes 1882a, p. 330
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13855A

To ?   27 September [1871–81]

Summary

Thanks for a book. "I am so much overworked at present that I cannot read it now, & I am a very poor German scholar".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Unidentified
Date:  27 Sept [1871-81]
Classmark:  David Schulson (dealer) (August 2005)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13886

To ?   18 November [1871–81]

Summary

"With Mr. Charles Darwin’s compliments enclosing one guinea."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Unidentified
Date:  18 Nov [1871–81]
Classmark:  Swann Auction Galleries (dealers) (14 September 1993)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13887

To ?   19 May [1871]

Summary

Thanks for references about dogs. Fears work will not allow him to deal with subject again. Heartily subscribes to what correspondent says about qualities of dogs. Loves his "with all my heart".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Unidentified
Date:  19 May [1871]
Classmark:  Paul C. Richards Autographs (dealer) (Catalogue 109)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13889

From W. D. Fox   2[0–9?] October [1871 or 1873?]

Summary

Fox hopes to see CD in London in November.

Author:  William Darwin Fox
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  20-9 Oct 187120-9 Oct 1873
Classmark:  DAR 164: 222
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4639F

To W. H. Flower   [1871?]

Summary

Does not know rules for admission to museum [of the Royal College of Surgeons]. CD’s son [Francis] wishes much to inspect some of the preparations.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Henry Flower
Date:  [1871?]
Classmark:  B. J. Harrison (private collection); sold by Bonhams (dealers), 15 July 2004
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5767

From St George Jackson Mivart   24 February [1871]

Summary

Would be pleased if CD called.

Author:  St George Jackson Mivart
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Feb [1871]
Classmark:  DAR 171: 182
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5926

To ?   7 April [1871]

Summary

Asks correspondent to thank Thomas Laycock for his references. CD has been away from home and has not yet consulted his copy of Laycock’s Mind and brain [1860].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Unidentified
Date:  7 Apr [1871]
Classmark:  R. M. Smythe (dealer) (November 1998)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6102A

To A. B. Buckley   18 December [1871]

Summary

Thanks her for marked proof-sheets.

Discusses climate in earlier geological periods.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Arabella Burton Buckley
Date:  18 Dec [1871]
Classmark:  DAR 143: 177
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6508
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Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest

Summary

The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the …
  • … promotes the sale’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 26 March 1871 ). The profits for Darwin were …
  • … first two printings, Darwin wrote to Murray on 20 March 1871 , ‘It is quite a grand trade to be a …
  • … in memory of the book’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, 20 March 1871 ). Reaction …
  • … to read it ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 19 February 1871 ). The African explorer and …
  • … pleasant or not’ (letter from W. W. Reade, 21 February 1871). The geologist William Boyd Dawkins …
  • … to buy them’ ( letter from W. B. Dawkins, 23 February 1871 ). Thomas Henry Huxley marvelled that …
  • … tide-marks!’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 February 1871 ). Asa Gray remarked, somewhat …
  • … and pointed ears”  (letter from Asa Gray, 14 April 1871) Like his previous book,  …
  • … arms and legs ( letter from C. L. Bernays, 25 February 1871 ). Samples of hair arrived from …
  • … his head ( letter from W. B. Tegetmeier, [before 25 April 1871] )). Hinrich Nitsche, ‘the lucky …
  • … orang-utan foetus ( letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 ). Darwin thought he might use the …
  • … poor return’ ( letter to Hinrich Nitsche, 25 April [1871] ). Animal anecdotes appeared in …
  • … space each morning ( letter from Arthur Nicols, 7 March 1871 ; letter from B. J. Sulivan, 11 …
  • … of beauty ( letter from E. J. Pfeiffer, [before 26 April 1871] ). Roland Trimen, a long-time …
  • … in the past ( letter from Roland Trimen, 17 and 18 April 1871 ). Candid disagreement …
  • … were raised to a high pitch, as Innes wrote on 26 May 1871 about the darker races arising …
  • … as far as this goes’ ( letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). On religion and morality …
  • … Creator made it’ ( letter from George Morrish, 18 March 1871 ). Darwin received an anonymous …
  • … Descent  ( letter from a child of God, [after 24 February 1871] ). Yet some continued to …
  • … religious feeling’ ( letter from F. E. Abbot, 20 August 1871 ). The Anglican clergyman and …
  • … brethren’ ( letter from George Henslow, 5 December 1871 ). Ernst Haeckel boasted of his month …
  • … monkey !’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 21 December 1871 ). Descent  was extensively …
  • … independent of all times and all circumstances’ (8 April 1871, p. 5). Darwin condemned the author of …
  • … & classics’ ( letter to John Murray, 13 April [1871] ). But a similar point was made by …
  • … the killing of some members of a hive a duty (Cobbe 1871, pp. 174, 188–9). Darwin was particularly …
  • … by culture, not biology ( letter from John Morley, 30 March 1871 ). Reaction at home …
  • … its master. ( Letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] .) Some of Darwin’s …
  • … to me’ ( letter to Hensleigh Wedgwood, 9 March 1871 ). A widening rift By far the …
  • … 1871a), which appeared just prior to  Descent  in early 1871. ‘I daresay it will tell heavily …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
  • … Brooke, C.A.J. 30 April 1871 Sarawak, Borneo …
  • … Chaumont, F.S.B.F. de 11 March 1871 Woolston, …
  • … Crichton-Browne, James 3 April 1871 West Riding …
  • … Donders, F.C. 28 March 1871 Utrecht, Netherlands …
  • … Foster, Michael 4 June [1871] Trinity College, …
  • … Gray, Asa 14 April 1871 Cambridge, Massachusetts, …
  • … Gray, Asa 10 & 14 March [1871] Cambridge, …
  • … Mivart, G.J. 26 Jan 1871 North Bank, London, England …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. 1 Feb 1871 11 St Mary Abbot's …
  • … Rejlander, O.G. [1871] Victoria Street, London, …
  • … Smith, Andrew 1 Feb. 1871 11 Saint Mary Abbot's …
  • … Smith, Andrew 17 April 1871 16 Alexander Square, …
  • … Swinhoe, Robert 14 March 1871 33 Oakley Square, …

Frank Chance

Summary

The Darwin archive not only contains letters, manuscript material, photographs, books and articles but also all sorts of small, dry specimens, mostly enclosed with letters. Many of these enclosures have become separated from the letters or lost altogether,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … first is undated but we know it was written before 25 April 1871 because Darwin alluded to a case …
  • … report by the pigeon-fancier W. B. Tegetmeier, 25 April [1871] . In his letter Chance is …
  • … (Letter from Frank Chance, [before 25 April 1871] ) Responding to this meticulous self …
  • … were very rare. When we were editing volume 19 (1871), Chance’s enclosure of beard and …
  • … : In your work on the ""Descent of Man"" (ed. 1871) ii. 298, 299, in …
  • … followed up on a similar case that CD had observed on 13 May 1871. William’s letter of 5 June 1871

4.17 'Figaro', unidentifiable 1871

Summary

< Back to Introduction Yet another portrayal of Darwin as a tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian hypothesis’. The image survives in a torn page in the Darwin archive, but it has so far proved…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian …
  • … date of creation October 1871 
 computer-readable date 1871-10-01 to 1871-10-27 
 …

Darwin’s favourite photographer: From O. G. Rejlander, 30 April 1871

Summary

In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture fleeting movements of the face, and allowed him to observe with more detachment. But the technology was still new. Even under the best conditions, exposure…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … sleep to-night’ ( letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In Descent , Darwin described …
  • … perseverance’ ( letter to Nature , [before 27 April 1871] ). When Galton could no longer look …
  • … ‘Siamesing’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 13 September 1871 ). Several years later, proof …

Henrietta Emma Darwin

Summary

Henrietta “Etty” Darwin (1843–1927) was the eldest of Charles Darwin’s daughters to reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her father as well as companion and correspondent to both of her parents.…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her …
  • … by her father for his scientific writing, particularly his 1871 work,   The Descent of Man .  In …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … of self-fertilisation’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 23 July [1871] ). Darwin also informed Müller of this …
  • … in his hothouse ( To Fritz Müller, 2 August [1871] ). By late 1871, Darwin was already …
  • … generations’ ( To Federico Delpino, 22 November 1871 ). Delpino replied that he looked forward to …
  • … and horticulture ( From Federico Delpino, 5 December 1871 ). When Darwin began writing in February …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … [1850] and n. 6; and letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). Their true friendship does …
  • … request favourably—’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 26 May 1871 ). Indeed Innes had such a high …
  • … school and organ funds (letter to J. B. Innes, 13 January 1871 ). Down’s next clergyman …
  • … very dull sermons’ (letter to J. B. Innes, 18 January [1871] ). Mr Powell was happy to take up …
  • … qualifications’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 5 June 1871 ). Particularly in the early days of …

Moral Nature

Summary

In Descent of Man, Darwin argued that human morality had evolved from the social instincts of animals, especially the bonds of sympathy and love. Darwin gathered observations over many decades on animal behavior: the heroic sacrifices of social insects,…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Letter 7048 : Darwin, W. E., to Darwin, C. R., [April? 1871] In Descent of man (1: 71 …
  • … Letter 7645 : Morley, John to Darwin, 30 March 1871 The politician and man of letters, …
  • … of Descent of Man in the Pall Mall Gazette (Morley 1871). Darwin admired the review, and …
  • … Letter 7685 : Darwin to Morley, John, 14 April [1871] "When I speak of intellectual …
  • … Letter 7691 , Morley, John, to Darwin, 17 April 1871 "I don't think Mr. Mill& …
  • … 7470 : Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, [before 3 March 1871] Darwin exchanged long letters …
  • … Letter 7537 : Darwin, C. R. to Wenslow, Hensleigh, 3 March [1871] Using the example of …
  • … 3. [ available at Darwinonline ] Cobbe, F. P. 1871. 'Darwinism in morals'. …

Strange things sent to Darwin in the post

Summary

Some of the stranger things Darwin received in the post can tell us a lot about how Darwin worked at home. In 1863, Darwin was very excited when the ornithologist Alfred Newton sent him a diseased, red-legged partridge foot with an enormous ball of clay…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … have germinated out of the dung ’.   In 1871, Darwin asked Ray Lankester to …
  • … enclosed with the letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 (DAR 87: 46r) In Variation …

Darwin and vivisection

Summary

Darwin played an important role in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals brought an unsuccessful prosecution against a French physiologist who…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … heart’ ( Correspondence vol. 19, letter to ?, 19 May [1871] ). As a magistrate in Down, he had …
  • … vol. 19, letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In the same year, Darwin had published …
  • … of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1871 that outlined principles for …

Experimenting with emotions

Summary

Darwin’s interest in emotions can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the sounds and gestures of the peoples of Tierra del Fuego. On his return, he started recording observations in a set of notebooks, later labelled '…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … on his behalf. The emotional specimen In 1871, Darwin contacted the German …
  • … round them’ ( letter to A. D. Kindermann, [27 March 1871] ). Darwin had begun collecting …
  • … relation” (letter from Michael Foster, 4 June [1871] ). Making experiments familiar …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … wrote the following journal entries in March and July 1871 in a small lockable, leather-bound …
  • … by Henrietta herself. Darwin’s letters in 1870 and 1871 ( Correspondence , vols 18 and 19) …
  • … missions due to take place between 26 February and 5 March 1871 in four towns within the deanery of …
  • … from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?], and letter from F. J. Wedgwood to H. …
  • … University Library. Henrietta Darwin | March 1871 1871 March— Sea Grove …
  • … away what they have no equivalent for. July 4th 1871. How hard it is to wait—the …
  • … I think I am a very happy woman. Sunday July 9 th . 1871 I want to think why I shd …
  • … mission leaders in the  Hampshire Advertiser , 21 January 1871, p. 7. 4 Probably John …

William Winwood Reade

Summary

On 19 May 1868, an African explorer and unsuccessful novelist, William Winwoode Reade (1838–1875) offered to help Darwin, and started a correspondence and, arguably, a collaboration, that would last until Reade's death. After a first 1861 tour of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of it" – Winwood Reade to Charles Darwin, 31 January 1871 ) and sought Darwin’s advice on …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Letter 7624 - Bathoe, M . B. to Darwin, [25 March 1871] Mary Bathoe responds …
  • … Letter 7644 - Barnard, A. to Darwin, [30 March 1871] J. S. Henslow’s daughter, …
  • … 7651 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, H. E., [1 April 1871] Frances Wedgwood offers …
  • … 7411 - Pfeiffer, E. J. to Darwin, [before 26 April 1871] The poet Emily Pfeiffer …
  • … Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, [7 November 1871] Sarah Hennell writes to Darwin …

Francis Galton

Summary

Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … his results tended to disprove Darwin’s theory (Galton 1871). This brought a quick rejoinder from …
  • … together to facilitate cross-circulation ( 13 September 1871 ). His views on inheritance continued …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of sexual differences in viviparous fish,  [before 1 June 1871] Fritz Müller's …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … politely worded rebuke to St G. J. Mivart ( 21 April [1871] ) for  the inadequacies, as Darwin saw …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
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