To Robert Patterson 6 April [1854]
Summary
He has returned William Thompson’s MSS and, he believes, all his specimens of Cirripedia.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Patterson |
| Date: | 6 Apr [1854] |
| Classmark: | Praeger 1935, p. 713 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1565 |
To John Higgins 9 April [1854]
Summary
Discusses his investments.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | John Higgins |
| Date: | 9 Apr [1854] |
| Classmark: | Lincolnshire Archives (HIG/4/2/1/79) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1566 |
To William Robert Grove 26 April [1854]
Summary
Is honoured by his election to the Philosophical Club [of the Royal Society].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Robert Grove |
| Date: | 26 Apr [1854] |
| Classmark: | Royal Institution of Great Britain (Grove Papers) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1567 |
To Josiah Wedgwood III 1 May [1854]
Summary
About share transfers, involving JW as a trustee of CD/Emma marriage trust.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Josiah Wedgwood, III |
| Date: | 1 May [1854] |
| Classmark: | V&A / Wedgwood Collection (MS W/M 1028) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1568 |
To S. P. Woodward 6 May 1854
Summary
CD expresses his inability to accept the view that the Hippuritidae are in any way a connecting link between the oysters and the barnacles.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Samuel Pickworth Woodward |
| Date: | 6 May 1854 |
| Classmark: | Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (1909: 9) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1570 |
From J. D. Hooker [24 June 1854]
Summary
Birth of JDH’s second child.
Asks CD’s view of "highness" and "lowness" in animals. Gives his own for plants; extent of deviation from type, e.g., floral parts deviating from leaf.
Reading B. C. Brodie’s Psychological inquiries [1854].
| Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [24 June 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 104: 202–4 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1572 |
To J. D. Hooker 27 [June 1854]
Summary
CD gives his definition of "highness" and "lowness" as "morphological differentiation" from a common embryo or archetype. JDH’s view, with which CD agrees when it can be applied, is the same as Milne-Edwards’, i.e., the physiological division of labour. There is little agreement among zoologists and CD admits his own lack of clarity.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 27 [June 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 121 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1573 |
To Edward Sabine 28 June [1854]
Summary
Is unequal to taking chair as President of Natural History Section of BAAS meeting in Liverpool. Very little fatigue or excitement brings on swimming of head, nausea, and other symptoms.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Edward Sabine |
| Date: | 28 June [1854] |
| Classmark: | The Royal Society (Sa: 386) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1574 |
To J. D. Hooker 29 [May 1854]
Summary
CD "lectures" JDH on taking care of his health.
CD’s pleasure in London trip.
CD and Emma have taken season tickets to Crystal Palace.
Edward Forbes’s "Introductory Lecture" is the best CD ever read.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 29 [May 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 122 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1575 |
From J. D. Hooker [29 June 1854]
Summary
JDH on "highness" of Coniferae: they are genuine Dicotyledons, not a link to cryptogams; that is a geologists’ fallacy. Thus they are highest plants in Carboniferous.
Does not agree with CD’s "elastic" species theory. Long correspondence with Lyell on this.
| Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [29 June 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 205.9: 383 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1576 |
To J. D. Hooker 7 July [1854]
Summary
CD’s view requires only that ancient organisms resemble embryological stages of existing ones. Thus "highness" in plants is difficult to evaluate because they have no larval stages. Would compare highest members of two groups, rather than archetype, to determine which group was higher. Against Forbes’s polarity and parallelism.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 7 July [1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 123 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1577 |
To Thomas Salt 12 July [1854]
Summary
Thanks for money paid into his account. Has not received interest payment from Lord Powis.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Thomas Salt |
| Date: | 12 July [1854] |
| Classmark: | Rachel Salt (private collection); sold by Spink’s (dealers), July 2018 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1577F |
To J. A. H. de Bosquet 13 August [1854]
Summary
Thanks JAHdeB for his present of two volumes [Description des Entomostracés fossiles des terrains tertiaires de la France et de la Belgique (1852) and "Les Crustacés fossiles du Limbourg" (1854)]. CD was interested in the remarks on geographical distribution of the Entomostraca.
CD’s second volume for the Ray Society [Living Cirripedia] is finished but not yet published.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Augustin Hubert de Bosquet |
| Date: | 13 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Lucy T. Eisenberg (private collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1578 |
To ? 16 August [1854–8]
Summary
Should like to examine the correspondent’s Madeira cirripedes but is too much occupied with other subjects of natural history.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Unidentified |
| Date: | 16 Aug [1854-8] |
| Classmark: | DAR 224 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1578A |
To Robert Patterson 21 August [1854]
Summary
Has found a half dozen [cirripede] specimens belonging to William Thompson and a few MS notes. Asks for instructions for sending them to RP.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Patterson |
| Date: | 21 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Praeger 1935, p. 713 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1579 |
To Mrs Stutchbury 22 August 1854
Summary
Arranges to return a collection of cirripedes which belongs to her husband [Samuel Stutchbury].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Hannah Louisa Bernard; Hannah Louisa Stutchbury |
| Date: | 22 Aug 1854 |
| Classmark: | Matthews 1982, p. 262 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1579A |
To Albany Hancock 24 August [1854]
Summary
Can AH spare Alcippe specimens for British Museum?
C. S. Bate has found Alcippe off Plymouth.
Discusses returning specimens to AH.
Owes to AH the discussion of powers of excavation of Verruca in Living Cirripedia [vol. 2 (1854)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Albany Hancock |
| Date: | 24 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1580 |
From J. D. Hooker 25 August 1854
Summary
JDH and F. W. Binney identify Calamites specimens as pith casts. They are cryptogams related to, but higher than, Lycopodiaceae and contradict progression.
Insects found in coal.
Lyell says Stonesfield slate marsupials are actually placentals.
JDH reading Alexander Braun on individuality ["Das Individuum der Pflanze in seinem Verhältniss zur Species", Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Phys. Kl.) (1853): 19–122].
| Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 25 Aug 1854 |
| Classmark: | DAR 205.9: 384 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1581 |
To John Price 26 [August 1854]
Summary
Discusses specimen of Balanus crenatus.
Sorry JP’s children are ill.
Will come to Liverpool if well [for meeting of BAAS].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | John Price |
| Date: | 26 [Aug 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 147: 272 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1582 |
To G. R. Waterhouse 29 August [1854]
Summary
Sends fossil cirripedes for the museum’s collection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Robert Waterhouse |
| Date: | 29 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (Archives DF PAL/100/7/) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1583 |
| letter | (74) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (59) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (10) |
| Watson, H. C. | (2) |
| Garrett, J. R. | (1) |
| Lowe, R. T. | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (14) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (14) |
| Higgins, John | (5) |
| Henslow, J. S. | (3) |
| Huxley, T. H. | (3) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (73) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (24) |
| Higgins, John | (5) |
| Henslow, J. S. | (3) |
| Huxley, T. H. | (3) |
Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter
Summary
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…
Matches: 5 hits
- … cirripedes and culminated in Living Cirripedia (1854) and Fossil Cirripedia (1854), again …
- … series of letters pertaining to the Royal Society. In April 1854, when his cirripede study was …
- … indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far from disagreeing with …
- … Back to species theory In September 1854, as soon as the final proofs of the last barnacle …
- … do as I wish it Throughout the correspondence of 1854 and 1855, the overwhelming …
Darwin and Down
Summary
Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842. The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow. The village combined the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … [24 July 1842] To P. G. King, 21 February 1854 : ‘I live in the country about 16 miles …
Scientific Practice
Summary
Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 23 hits
- … [Wellesley 1832] Sir. W. Nott’s Life [W. Nott 1854].— [DAR *119: 15v.] From …
- … de la Boheme [Barrande 1852–1911] must be deeply studied 1854 The Zoologist by E. Newman [ …
- … [Pepys 1825] (Read).— Sir W. Notts life [W. Nott 1854] read [DAR *128: 177] …
- … r . Nott & Gliddon: Trübner & Co [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] (read) A Lecture by …
- … not published but reported fully in Literary Gazette Sept 30 1854 91 Agricult. Journal …
- … d’un Naturaliste A. de Quatrefages [Quatrefages de Bréau 1854]. (light reading) (??) read …
- … Domestic animals. 94 Lloyd Scandinavian Adventures 1854 [L. Lloyd 1854]. praised in …
- … sur les Migration des Vegetaux 4 to Pamphlet [Godron 1854] (read) Journal of Asiatic Soc. …
- … specially of central platform of France 8 fr. [Lecoq 1854–8] Read Journal de la Soc. Imp. d …
- … Sir J. Lubbock. member Ferguson on Poultry [Ferguson 1854], recommended by M r Brent, but …
- … D r . Badham “Ancient & Modern Tattle” on Fish [Badham 1854]. M r Tegetmeier says very …
- … (read) From Nott & Gliddon [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] Roselini Monumenta [ …
- … Carboniferous strata, translated in Bull. General [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important …
- … I ought to read Murchinson’s Siluria [Murchison 1854]— I must read it. & buy it.— …
- … W. R. Wilde in Dublin University Magazine early month of 1854 on food of Irish. ( Pig ) [Wilde] …
- … translated into French by Gaudin—with additions [Heer 1854]. Archives du Museum [ Archives …
- … Himmalaya [T. Thomson 1852] [DAR 128: 7] 1854 Jan 11 th . Pulsky Red, …
- … 1848]. March 7 th . Hooker’s Himmalaya [Hooker 1854].— —— 23 Stansbury. Exploration …
- … July 3 d . Sir B. B. Psychological Essays [Brodie] 1854] —— Duval Histoire du Pommier, …
- … Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62] Tome I [DAR 128: 9] …
- … Williams Missionary in T. del Fuego [Hamilton 1854] March 28 th . Sir G. Stephens Lectures …
- … Richardson 1784] (poor) [DAR 128: 10] 1854. Microscopical Journal [ …
- … 1855. Wollastons Insecta Maderensia [Wollaston 1854] —— Johnston Physical Atlas [A. K. …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Living and fossil cirripedia
Summary
Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…
Matches: 5 hits
- … on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on …
- … in manuscript form to the Ray Society at the beginning of 1854 , where it took longer than the ‘ …
- … to tell his friend Thomas Henry Huxley in early September 1854, ‘ My second volume on the …
- … Society; the monograph itself was printed in 1854. This volume appears not to have been discussed …
- … but he wrote to the Palaeontographical Society in February 1854 and the society confirmed that he …
Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 3 hits
- … sub-class of Crustacea, Living Cirripedia (1851, 1854) and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). …
- … spermatozoa’ attached to the female (Living Cirripedia (1854): 23). Darwin had previously worked out …
- … from monoecious forms (Living Cirripedia (1851): 214; (1854): 29, 528 n.) and, at another level, to …
Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia
Summary
Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…
Matches: 13 hits
- … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. …
- … In both volumes of Living Cirripedia (1851 and 1854), Darwin devoted an introductory section to …
- … was best placed among the Lepadidae ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 527–8).^1^1^ Both …
- … segments are quite aborted . . . ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 562–3) Indeed, …
- … be the most natural arrangement. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 588) The fact that the …
- … with his figure of the mature animal ( Living Cirripedia (1854), Plate XXV). Throughout …
- … (1851): 37–8) In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin ventured to suggest the possible …
- … by a new and anomalous course. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 151–2) Crisp (1983) has …
- … from bisexuality to unisexuality. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 29)^16^ Darwin’s …
- … merely varieties (Southward 1983). In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin clearly stated the …
- … be found eminently variable. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 155) One of the first …
- … a very direct and curious manner’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 529). Modern systematists place …
- … nature was demonstrated.’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 555). See also Rachootin 1984, pp. 235–6. …
3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1
Summary
< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…
Matches: 4 hits
- … the start a cautious and sometimes a difficult one. In 1854-5 the newly established firm of Henry …
- … who thought that ‘it was probably taken in the year 1854, but he had never seen it’. A slot in the …
- … Walker, dated 1912; the photograph itself is here dated 1854, and accompanied by a facsimile of …
- … Polyblank, photographers date of creation 1854 or early 1855 computer-readable …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
Matches: 6 hits
- … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 june 1854 Middelburg 13 october …
- … Deventer 11 september 1854 Deventer 8 march 1936 Haarlem …
- … Phil.nat.cand Leiden 18 july 1854 Batavia 8 march 1896 …
- … University. Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january 1928 …
- … Phil.nat.cand. Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january …
- … Phil.nat.stud Leiden 19 august 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
Matches: 6 hits
- … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 June 1854 Middelburg 13 October …
- … Deventer 11 September 1854 Deventer 8 March 1936 Haarlem …
- … Phil.nat.cand Leiden 18 July 1854 Batavia 8 March 1896 …
- … University. Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January 1928 …
- … Phil.nat.cand. Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January …
- … Phil.nat.stud Leiden 19 August 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Editorial policy and practice
Summary
Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of the Correspondence. Transcriptions are made from the original or a facsimile where these are available. Where they are not, texts are taken from the best…
Matches: 1 hits
- … used in a strict sense. Thus a letter dated ‘after 8 July 1854’ is judged to have been written very …
Joseph Simms
Summary
The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…
Matches: 1 hits
- … in major cities of the US and Canada on physiognomy in 1854. In 1866 he sought training in anatomy …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 5 hits
- … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
- … a bit of red glass at the garden) 47v. May 1854. Before tea Ch. asked Lenny P. Have you …
- … give me a kiss if you like”. 48 [74] May 20— 1854.— I saw a pile of sand lying on the lawn …
- … I could not help it awfully”.— 49 June 1854— About 9 months ago, Lenny defined being in …
- … Horace Lenny. When ill with Fever & recovering (Dec 1854) used constantly to ask in the …
Charles Darwin’s letters: a selection 1825-1859
Summary
The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University of Edinburgh, to the end of 1859, when the Origin of Species was published. The early letters portray Darwin as a lively sixteen-year-old medical student. Two…
3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin (with a caption querying the date, and suggesting ‘1854?’). It was reproduced …
Asa Gray
Summary
Darwin’s longest running and most significant exchange of correspondence dealing with the subjects of design in nature and religious belief was with the Harvard botanist Asa Gray. Gray was one of Darwin’s leading supporters in America. He was also a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … consisting of about 300 letters written between 1854 and 1881, is now available for the first time. …
