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Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 17 hits
- … | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … behaviour. Letter 4258 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [31 July 1863] Lydia …
- … plants in her garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] …
- … South Africa. Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May 1869] …
- … a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [8 June 1867 - 72] …
- … him. Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October …
- … Darwin039;s daughter, Henrietta. Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [5 …
- … on her ongoing observations of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to …
- … New Zealand. Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] …
- … the wallpaper. Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … lakes in Pennsylvania. Letter 3681 - Wedgwood, M. S. to Darwin, [before 4 August …
- … on holiday in Llandudno. Letter 4823 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, H. E., [May 1865] …
- … Lychnis diurna. Letter 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] …
- … lawn. Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 21 hits
- … 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working …
- … dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
- … been the naturalist and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a …
- … during prolonged intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a …
- … of shooting and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences …
- … The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to London, staying at his brother Erasmus’s house. …
- … séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those present included George …
- … one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January 1874 , letter to J. D. …
- … Descent was published in November 1874 ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). Though …
- … on subsequent print runs would be very good ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). …
- … vol. 22, Appendix V and Dawson 2007, pp. 77–81). Darwin first considered taking legal action over …
- … much in Switzerland ( letter from Francis and Amy Darwin, 8 August [1874] ). Francis had …
- … of books in relation to the Origin, of which I have the M.S. half completed; but I have started the …
- … in a few hours dissolve the hardest cartilage, bone & meat &c. &c.’ ( letter to W. D. …
- … with extracts from a dog’s stomach ( letter from T. L. Brunton, 28 February 1874 ), and Edward …
- … whether at the ‘close of the putrefaction of flesh, skin &c, any substance is produced before …
- … details of an Australian variety of sundew ( letter from T. C. Copland, 23 June 1874 ). …
- … the face, with a physiological explanation ( letter from T. L. Brunton, [29] October [1874] ). …
- … Sharpe for promotion at the British Museum ( letter to R. B. Sharpe, 24 November [1874] ). He …
- … Darwin replied, ‘I have so poor a metaphysical head that M r Spencer’s terms of equilibration …
- … for a Serbian translation of Origin ( letter from M. M. Radovanović, 17 September 1874 ), …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 6 hits
- … Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, …
- … set of selected letters is followed by letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication …
- … Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 March 1865] Darwin asks …
- … final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [9 June 1867 - 72] …
- … whose accuracy I can implicitly rely”. Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 …
- … considerable editorial input. Letter 8719 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 January 1873] …
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 24 hits
- … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little …
- … shall be chiefly new work’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 November [1872] ), and the tenor of his …
- … of On the origin of species , intended to be Darwin’s last, and of Expression of the …
- … books brought a strong if deceptive sense of a job now done: Darwin intended, he declared to Alfred …
- … on 039;so difficult a subject, as evolution’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 27 July [1872] ). …
- … of books and papers, and the latter formed the subject of Darwin’s last book, The formation of …
- … , published in the year before his death. Despite Darwin’s declared intention to take up new work, …
- … , shortly after correcting the proofs, and Darwin’s concern for the consolidation of his legacy is …
- … are accustomed to novels for 1s’, he wrote to Murray on 8 January , but Murray complained that …
- … editions were costly to incorporate, and despite Darwin’s best efforts, set the final price at 7 s. …
- … remained unpublished at the end of the year ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald, 23 November 1872 ). …
- … Whale & duck most beautiful’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 3 March 1872 ). I …
- … felt friendly towards me’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s …
- … `chiefly perhaps because I do it badly’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ). …
- … than offended by `that clever book’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ) and invited …
- … from his ignorance, he feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June 1872 ). Right up to the …
- … Charlton Bastian’s recent book on the origin of life (H. C. Bastian 1872; Wallace 1872d) left him …
- … & new views which are daily turning up’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 August [1872] ). …
- … Lord Sackville Cecil, to attend a séance ( letter from M. C. Stanley, 4 June 1872 ). There was …
- … others described the way their hands blushed (letter from M. I. Snow, 29 [November 1872 or later] …
- … gift, although he doubted he would ever use it ( letter to C. L. Dodgson, 10 December 1872 ). …
- … to contain wormcasts from India. Darwin’s niece Lucy Wedgwood, who had started her observations the …
- … life which surprised & gratified me more’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ). Fox …
- … to which any scientific man can look’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 29 April [1872] ). …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
- … a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
- … women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
- … that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
- … May 1859] Darwin expresses anxiety over Hooker’s suggestion that his writing style might …
- … Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
- … Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. L. B., [8 November, 1869] Darwin writes to feminist …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 22 hits
- … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
- … for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
- … came on 19 April. Plans were made for a burial in St Mary’s churchyard in Down, where his brother …
- … of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition …
- … Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
- … contents, if immersed for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root …
- … vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and beets. Romanes’s experiments had been conducted to lend …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the …
- … our homes, would in this case greatly suffer’ ( letter to C. A. Kennard, 9 January 1882 ). Kennard …
- … judged, intellectually his inferior, please ( letter from C. A. Kennard, 28 January 1882 ). …
- … William Jenner, 20 March [1882] ; see also letter from T. L Brunton, 12 February 1882 , and …
- … of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: ‘George’s work …
- … dull aching in the chest’ (Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [ c . 28 March 1882] (DAR 210.3: 45)). …
- … grant us this our modest request!’ ( letter from J. L. Ambrose, 3 April 1882 ). Darwin immediately …
- … were not wanting to tell me how you felt for me— Hope [Wedgwood] expresses a feeling that I should …
- … to some Estancia,’ wrote Hughes, ‘as the scenery &c. will amply repay your trouble’ ( letter …
- … where he had witnessed an earthquake in 1835 ( letter from R. E. Alison, [March–July 1835 ]). …
- … History, that I went as Naturalist on the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the World & collected in …
- … great minds’ ( letter from Aleksander Jelski, [1860–82] ). In 1863, the final blow was …
- … will be months before I am able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To …
- … and journals by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete …
- … both our names to appear’ ( letter to Louisa Stevenson, 8 April 1871 ). It was Darwin’s name that …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 25 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …
- … (DAR 119) opens with five pages of text copied from Notebook C and carries on through 1851; the …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … to be Read [DAR *119: Inside Front Cover] C. Darwin June 1 st . 1838 …
- … de la Folie des Animaux de ses Rapports avec celle de l’Homme,” by Dr. Pierquin, published in Paris …
- … [Pierquin de Gembloux 1839]. Said to be good by D r L. Lindsay 5 [DAR *119: 1v.] …
- … Cuvier 1822] read Flourens Edit [Flourens 1845] read L. Jenyns paper on Annals of Nat. Hist. …
- … [DAR *119: 2v.] White’s regular gradation in man [C. White 1799] Lindley’s …
- … 39. tom. 4. p. 273. Latreille Geographie des Insectes 8 vo p 181 [Latreille 1819]. see p. …
- … de Serres Cavernes d’Ossements 7 th Ed. 10 8 vo . [Serres 1838] good to trace Europ. forms …
- … in brutes Blackwood June 1838 [J. F. Ferrie 1838]. H. C. Watson on Geog. distrib: of Brit: …
- … Wiegman has pub. German pamphlet on crossing oats &c [Wiegmann 1828] Horticultural …
- … 1847] good for woodcuts. (Roy. Coll. of Surgeons) M.M Turpin & Poiteau Traité des arbres …
- … [Fellows 1839] Catherine 48 Life of Collins R.A. [Collins 1848] Phases of Faith …
- … letters of M r Knight July 8 th M.S. Voyage of Kolff to the Molucca Sea [Kolff 1840] …
- … Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ]. Vol 1— to 7. M.S. Translat.— from 1740. 2 d . vol …
- … 1854 Jan 15. Seeman’s Narrative of H.M.S. Herald [Seeman 1853]. Feb 6. Wallace …
- … (Liebig 1851). 50 Probably Elizabeth Wedgwood. 51 This note is a …
- … 1848. Memoirs of the life of William Collins, Esq., R.A. 2 vols. London. *119: 23; 119: …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York. [Abstract in DAR 71: 51–2.] …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia. [Abstract in DAR 205.3: …
- … ou, iconographie de toutes les espèces et variétés d’arbres, fruitiers cultivés dans cet …
- … by Richard Owen. Vol. 4 of The works of John Hunter, F.R.S. with notes . Edited by James F. …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 25 hits
- … heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
- … to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
- … studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
- … of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
- … Controversy and Erasmus Darwin Darwin’s most recent book, Erasmus Darwin , had been …
- … generations. He continued to receive letters about Erasmus’s life and other bits of family history. …
- … Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends, full of lively …
- … character is of much value to me’ ( letter to C. H. Tindal, 5 January 1880 ). Darwin had employed …
- … the whole Kingdom, & even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s …
- … Darwin’s Life . ‘In an endeavour to explain away y r . treatment of [William Alvey Darwin],’ …
- … by anticipation the position I have taken as regards D r Erasmus Darwin in my book Evolution old …
- … to the end’, added her husband Richard ( letter from R. B. Litchfield, 1 February 1880 ). Even the …
- … family shake their heads in the same dismal manner as you & M r . Murray did, when I told them …
- … structural differentiations’ ( letter from F. M. Balfour, [22 November 1880] ). George Romanes, …
- … in a book about beetles the impressive words “captured by C. Darwin”. … This seemed to me glory …
- … have been forestalled: ‘I had hoped to call & see whether M rs . Biddulph would admit me, & …
- … ‘but the subject has amused me’ ( letter to W. C. McIntosh, 18 June 1880 ). Members of the family …
- … Darwin to Emma Darwin, [18 September 1880] ). Darwin’s Wedgwood nieces, Sophy and Lucy, were asked …
- … We find that the light frightens them’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 8 October [1880] ). The …
- … Darwin encouraged the experiment, but conceded, ‘M rs . Romanes is quite right not to allow the …
- … Galton, 7 April 1880 , and letter from Francis Galton, 8 April 1880 ). Darwin was queried about …
- … great doctrines …“Come of Age”‘ ( letter from W. C. Williamson to Emma Darwin, 2 September 1880 ). …
- … of several close family members. Emma’s brother Josiah Wedgwood III died on 11 March. Like Emma, he …
- … his voice as clearly as if he were present’ (letters to C. W. Fox, 29 March 1880 and 10 [April …
- … & am never happy except when at work’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 25 December [1880] ). …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
- … Letters Darwin’s Notes On Marriage [April - July 1838] In these notes, …
- … of family, home and sociability. Letter 489 - Darwin to Wedgwood, E., [20 January 1839] …
- … theories, & accumulating facts in silence & solitude”. Darwin also comments that he has …
- … sitting by”. Letter 3715 - Claparède, J. L. R. A. E. to Darwin, [6 September 1862] …
- … are not those of her sex”. Letter 4038 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [12-13 March 1863] …
- … of feminine works”. Letter 4441 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [30 March 1864] …
- … Jnr. seeks Darwin-family support for Elizabeth Garrett’s candidacy for the position of Professorship …
- … Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. B., [8 November 1869] Darwin thanks Antoinette …
- … author, is a man. Letter 7314 - Kovalevsky, S. to Darwin, [1 September 1870] …
- … natural thinking”. Letter 8079 - Norton, S. R. to Darwin, [20 November 1871] …
- … women. Letter 10746 – Darwin to Dicey, E. M., [1877] Darwin gives his …
- … flood”. Letter 13414 - Darwin to Harrison, L., [18 October 1881] Darwin …
- … patience. Letter 13607 – Darwin to Kennard, C. A., [9 January 1882] Darwin …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
- … is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
- … lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
- … the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his obvious …
- … just as he had earlier analysed his own childhood memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was …
- … by five: George Howard, born 9 July 1845; Elizabeth, born 8 July 1847; Francis, born 16 August 1848; …
- … movement which causes hiccough.— 2 At his 8 th day he frowned much. & I believe …
- … of muscles, without a corresponding sensation. D r . Holland[12] informs me children do not …
- … also just at the same period or a few days earlier— Nov. 8[16] When seven weeks old, his eyes …
- … taking breath after each scream approaches it.— 8 Between 11 & 12 weeks old in …
- … was called.— 29 th . Cried at the sight of Allen Wedgwood[32] Is able to catch hold of a …
- … loose about four feet, walked well & says goat. M. 23 d . Has been accustomed to see …
- … trowsers. Emma one morning put on an unconspicuous bonnet of C. Langton,[52] W. instantly observed …
- … she added an s to the end of every word “Ettis & Bettis &c afterwards all the ws were turned …
- … goed dawn to the willage”. Fish for Smith. Kaw for cow. &c. Lenny[61] 2 years old speaks …
- … Lizzy come & stay here. — Shant stay here. People say I’m man’s— stay in man’s room. Papa …
- … answer) (indignantly) I are . 44 Lenny. I’m a good boy you mustn’t thmack me now— …
- … cut up your potatoe. Lizzy after a pause “Yes Parslow. I’m ‘sidering.” Lenny in an indignant …
- … Papa— Well Lenny how do you like Eastbourne L. (nodding towards the sea) I like that pond best …
- … coming out of the drawing room rather indignantly “I’m so dull. There is only horrid beastly boys in …
- … any thing with my egg. Miss Th. Shall I cut up y r meat? L. I don’t care whether you do or …
- … “But I could not help it”— I said “Lenny you c d help it, don’t say that”. “I could not help it a …
- … [6] Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Emma Wedgwood, [23 January 1839] . [7] …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 8 hits
- … activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
- … when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
- … section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
- … Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 25 Apr [1855] Darwin …
- … Darwin and Müller Letter 5457 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, C. R., 23 Mar 1867 …
- … . Letter 5471 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, H. L. H., 29 Mar [1867] Darwin learns …
- … Catherine’s and his own. He also notes that Hensleigh [Wedgwood] thinks he has settled the free-will …
- … Letter 7124 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin writes to his …