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Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [8 June 1867 - 72] …
- … Darwin's daughter, Henrietta. Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [5 …
- … the wallpaper. Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. …
- … (3) Alglave, Émile (8) Alice (2) …
- … (1) Ansted, D. T. (8) Anthropological Society, …
- … (2) Bence Jones, Henry (8) Beneden, Édouard …
- … (2) Blackley, C. H. (8) Blackwall, John …
- … (1) Gould, John (8) Gower, W. H. (1) …
- … Wedderburn, David (1) Wedgwood, C. S. (8) …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 24 hits
- … over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second half of …
- … been the naturalist and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a …
- … during prolonged intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a …
- … of shooting and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences …
- … The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to London, staying at his brother Erasmus’s house. …
- … August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that Clark’s dietary treatment would ‘do wonders’, but as …
- … in London, his son George organised a séance at Erasmus’s house. The event was led by the medium …
- … another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those present …
- … to get the two men on each side of him to hold each other’s hands, instead of his, ‘& that he …
- … first three months of the year and, like many of Darwin’s enterprises in the 1870s, were family …
- … one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January 1874 , letter to J. D. …
- … Cupples, a Scottish deerhound expert who forwarded Darwin’s queries about the numbers of males and …
- … Huxley, 14 April 1874 ). The technical nature of Huxley’s argument prompted him to add, ‘Put my …
- … price of nine shillings, in line with Charles Lyell’s Student’s elements of geology , and with …
- … vol. 22, Appendix V and Dawson 2007, pp. 77–81). Darwin first considered taking legal action over …
- … much in Switzerland ( letter from Francis and Amy Darwin, 8 August [1874] ). Francis had …
- … of books in relation to the Origin, of which I have the M.S. half completed; but I have started the …
- … in a few hours dissolve the hardest cartilage, bone & meat &c. &c.’ ( letter to W. D. …
- … with extracts from a dog’s stomach ( letter from T. L. Brunton, 28 February 1874 ), and Edward …
- … whether at the ‘close of the putrefaction of flesh, skin &c, any substance is produced before …
- … details of an Australian variety of sundew ( letter from T. C. Copland, 23 June 1874 ). …
- … the face, with a physiological explanation ( letter from T. L. Brunton, [29] October [1874] ). …
- … Darwin replied, ‘I have so poor a metaphysical head that M r Spencer’s terms of equilibration …
- … for a Serbian translation of Origin ( letter from M. M. Radovanović, 17 September 1874 ), …
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 23 hits
- … shall be chiefly new work’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 November [1872] ), and the tenor of his …
- … On the origin of species , intended to be Darwin’s last, and of Expression of the emotions …
- … and papers, and the latter formed the subject of Darwin’s last book, The formation of …
- … , published in the year before his death. Despite Darwin’s declared intention to take up new work, …
- … , shortly after correcting the proofs, and Darwin’s concern for the consolidation of his legacy is …
- … are accustomed to novels for 1s’, he wrote to Murray on 8 January , but Murray complained that …
- … editions were costly to incorporate, and despite Darwin’s best efforts, set the final price at 7 s. …
- … let alone the fifth. Printing of the proofs of Moulinié’s translation of the fifth English edition …
- … This complex operation, combined with Moulinié’s increasingly poor health, led to yet further delay, …
- … be reset. The investment in stereotype reinforced Darwin’s intention to make no further changes to …
- … relations between them irretrievably break down. Mivart’s book had been followed by a highly …
- … a copy of an article replying to Thomas Henry Huxley’s scathing review of Genesis of species , …
- … philosopher Chauncey Wright. The republication of Wright’s paper had been arranged by Darwin himself …
- … felt friendly towards me’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s …
- … than offended by `that clever book’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ) and invited …
- … from his ignorance, he feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June 1872 ). Right up to the …
- … Charlton Bastian’s recent book on the origin of life (H. C. Bastian 1872; Wallace 1872d) left him …
- … Lord Sackville Cecil, to attend a séance ( letter from M. C. Stanley, 4 June 1872 ). There was …
- … others described the way their hands blushed (letter from M. I. Snow, 29 [November 1872 or later] …
- … gift, although he doubted he would ever use it ( letter to C. L. Dodgson, 10 December 1872 ). …
- … to contain wormcasts from India. Darwin’s niece Lucy Wedgwood, who had started her observations the …
- … life which surprised & gratified me more’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ). Fox …
- … to which any scientific man can look’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 29 April [1872] ). …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 14 hits
- … came on 19 April. Plans were made for a burial in St Mary’s churchyard in Down, where his brother …
- … Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
- … contents, if immersed for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root …
- … vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and beets. Romanes’s experiments had been conducted to lend …
- … asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to ‘have the …
- … 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
- … V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwin’s publisher John Murray, carried an …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the …
- … them half the worm had disappeared down the frog’s throat. I watched them for a quarter of an hour …
- … with both combatants the worse for wear. Darwin’s writing on human evolution continued to …
- … William Jenner, 20 March [1882] ; see also letter from T. L Brunton, 12 February 1882 , and …
- … of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: ‘George’s work …
- … and journals by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete …
- … both our names to appear’ ( letter to Louisa Stevenson, 8 April 1871 ). It was Darwin’s name that …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 10 hits
- … readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
- … variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of letters on …
- … May 1859] Darwin expresses anxiety over Hooker’s suggestion that his writing style might …
- … Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
- … got hold of it first. Darwin’s female readership Letter …
- … with which to work. She has transcribed parts of Darwin’s papers, including diagrams, to share with …
- … Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. L. B., [8 November, 1869] Darwin writes to feminist …
- … "epistolary acquaintance" of his, Sara Hennell . Hennell's writings show a " …
- … of a woman’s natural thinking”. Letter 8778 - Forster, L. M . to Darwin, H. …
- … Letter 5712 - Dallas, W. S. to Darwin, [8 December 1867] Translator and author …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 27 hits
- … he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C ( Notebooks , pp. 319–28). In 1839, …
- … (DAR 119) opens with five pages of text copied from Notebook C and carries on through 1851; the …
- … to be Read [DAR *119: Inside Front Cover] C. Darwin June 1 st . 1838 …
- … de la Folie des Animaux de ses Rapports avec celle de l’Homme,” by Dr. Pierquin, published in Paris …
- … [Pierquin de Gembloux 1839]. Said to be good by D r L. Lindsay 5 [DAR *119: 1v.] …
- … Cuvier 1822] read Flourens Edit [Flourens 1845] read L. Jenyns paper on Annals of Nat. Hist. …
- … [DAR *119: 2v.] White’s regular gradation in man [C. White 1799] Lindley’s …
- … 39. tom. 4. p. 273. Latreille Geographie des Insectes 8 vo p 181 [Latreille 1819]. see p. …
- … de Serres Cavernes d’Ossements 7 th Ed. 10 8 vo . [Serres 1838] good to trace Europ. forms …
- … in brutes Blackwood June 1838 [J. F. Ferrie 1838]. H. C. Watson on Geog. distrib: of Brit: …
- … Horticultural Society of London ].— [DAR *119: 8v.] A history of British Birds by …
- … of the Agricultural Association meeting at Oxford. paper by L d Spencer on gestation of animals …
- … “Resume analytique des observations par F. Cuvier sur l’instinct”—L’Institut 1839. p. 408 [Flourens …
- … de Tératologie, par I. Geoffroy-Saint Hilaire, 3 vols. 8vo. et atlas de 20 planches. ibid, 1832–36. …
- … Anatomique, par I. Geoffroy-Saint Hilaire, 2 vols. 8vo. avec 2 atlas 4to. ibid, 1818–23. £1 2 s …
- … 1847] good for woodcuts. (Roy. Coll. of Surgeons) M.M Turpin & Poiteau Traité des arbres …
- … letters of M r Knight July 8 th M.S. Voyage of Kolff to the Molucca Sea [Kolff 1840] …
- … Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ]. Vol 1— to 7. M.S. Translat.— from 1740. 2 d . vol …
- … 1854 Jan 15. Seeman’s Narrative of H.M.S. Herald [Seeman 1853]. Feb 6. Wallace …
- … (Liebig 1851). 50 Probably Elizabeth Wedgwood. 51 This note is a …
- … Belcher, Edward. 1848. Narrative of the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang during the years 1843–46; …
- … 1850. The life and correspondence of Andrew Combe, M.D. Edinburgh. 128: 5 Conrad, …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York. [Abstract in DAR 71: 51–2.] …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia. [Abstract in DAR 205.3: …
- … ou, iconographie de toutes les espèces et variétés d’arbres, fruitiers cultivés dans cet …
- … sur la distribution géographique des animaux vertébrés, moins les oiseaux. Journal de Physique 94 …
- … Drury, Robert. 1729. Madagascar; or, Robert Drury’s journal, during fifteen years …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 11 hits
- … to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
- … animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, family …
- … Controversy and Erasmus Darwin Darwin’s most recent book, Erasmus Darwin , had been …
- … generations. He continued to receive letters about Erasmus’s life and other bits of family history. …
- … Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends, full of lively …
- … the eagerness of the two learned divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied …
- … been co-authored with Ernst Krause, whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s …
- … Darwin to Emma Darwin, [18 September 1880] ). Darwin’s Wedgwood nieces, Sophy and Lucy, were asked …
- … We find that the light frightens them’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 8 October [1880] ). The …
- … Galton, 7 April 1880 , and letter from Francis Galton, 8 April 1880 ). Darwin was queried about …
- … of several close family members. Emma’s brother Josiah Wedgwood III died on 11 March. Like Emma, he …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 20 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the research that …
- … relatives with young families.[4] However, it was Darwin’s personal experience of fatherhood that …
- … of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely observed the …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his obvious …
- … just as he had earlier analysed his own childhood memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was …
- … children. Darwin maintained his record of William’s development from the day of his birth, 27 …
- … by five: George Howard, born 9 July 1845; Elizabeth, born 8 July 1847; Francis, born 16 August 1848; …
- … of frowning, smiling, etc., as was the focus of Darwin’s attention on William and Anne, she noted …
- … until July 1856, when the observations ceased. Darwin’s later entries, like Emma’s, focus on the …
- … movement which causes hiccough.— 2 At his 8 th day he frowned much. & I believe …
- … also just at the same period or a few days earlier— Nov. 8[16] When seven weeks old, his eyes …
- … taking breath after each scream approaches it.— 8 Between 11 & 12 weeks old in …
- … when doing something disagreeable. say 50–60 days old 7 or 8 weeks old Continues occasionally …
- … Feb. 17 7 wks & 3 days 8 – 5 6 wks 8 – 4 …
- … she added an s to the end of every word “Ettis & Bettis &c afterwards all the ws were turned …
- … Lizzy come & stay here. — Shant stay here. People say I’m man’s— stay in man’s room. Papa …
- … answer) (indignantly) I are . 44 Lenny. I’m a good boy you mustn’t thmack me now— …
- … coming out of the drawing room rather indignantly “I’m so dull. There is only horrid beastly boys in …
- … of CD’s queries about expression. [4] See Notebook M, pp. 53, 58, 96, Notebook N, pp. 37, 121 …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
- … Jnr. seeks Darwin-family support for Elizabeth Garrett’s candidacy for the position of Professorship …
- … Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. B., [8 November 1869] Darwin thanks Antoinette …
- … selection for debates about marriage. Since reading Darwin’s work a “flood of questions” have …
- … to as such questions “seem almost out of a woman’s natural thinking”. Letter 8079 - …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 5 hits
- … for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his family …
- … reform, Darwin opposes appending first describer’s name to specific name. Letter 1220 — …
- … to Darwin and Lyell for Athenæum . He mentioned Darwin’s work on complemental males in barnacles …
- … Catherine’s and his own. He also notes that Hensleigh [Wedgwood] thinks he has settled the free-will …
- … Letter 7124 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin writes to his …
