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Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 21 hits
- … On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
- … and sexual selection. In Origin , pp. 87–90, Darwin had briefly introduced the concept of …
- … process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual selection was ‘the …
- … Murray to intervene, complaining on 9 January , ‘M r . Dallas’ delay … is intolerable … I am …
- … to read a few pages feel fairly nauseated’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 February [1868] ). But such …
- … sparked the most discussion. Darwin wrote to Hooker on 23 February , ‘did you look at the Review …
- … it was by Gray himself, but Darwin corrected him: ‘D r Gray would strike me in the face, but not …
- … . It is a disgrace to the paper’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1868] ). The review was …
- … a scamp & I begin to think a veritable ass’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868] ). …
- … April 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the Rev d C. Darwin M.d’; Binstead evidently assumed …
- … of thanks to the naturalist and customs offcial John Jenner Weir for a paper on apterous Lepidoptera …
- … collection of materials on sexual selection, and he asked Weir to ‘call to mind any facts bearing on …
- … Row who was a great authority on the ‘London fancy’. Weir received a ‘Newgate cut’ and much …
- … added, ‘for it is clear that I have none’ ( letter to J. J. Weir, 30 May [1868] ). Sexual …
- … I did not see this, or rather I saw it only obs[c]urely, & have kept only a few references.’ …
- … role of colour, sound, and smell in attracting females. J. J. Weir reported on 14 April 1868 …
- … as life he wd find the odour sexual!’ ( letter to A . R. Wallace, 16 September [1868] ). Francis …
- … of Hooker’s distributed it in Japan ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 5 September 1868 ); Edward Wilson, …
- … of her two-month old daughter Katherine ( letter from C. M. Hawkshaw to Emma Darwin, 9 February …
- … the previous year by James Philip Mansel Weale ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [20 May 1868] ). …
- … rest mostly on faith, and on accumulation of adaptations, &c) … Of course I understand your …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 25 hits
- … | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
- … in her garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] …
- … in South Africa. Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May 1869] …
- … Egypt. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [8 June 1867 - 72] Darwin …
- … Henrietta. Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [5 May 1870] …
- … of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] …
- … cats. Letter 8989 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [28 July 1873] Mary Treat reports …
- … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
- … and orangs. Letter 5705 - Haast, J. F. J. von to Darwin, [4 December 1867] …
- … the wallpaper. Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 …
- … in a marble tablet”. Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … Lychnis diurna. Letter 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] …
- … lawn. Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin …
- … Men: Letter 385 - Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] …
- … Hall, Staffordshire. Letter 1219 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [3 February 1849] …
- … - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] J. S. Henslow’s son, George, passes on the …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … Men: Letter 1836 - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and …
- … at the University of Bonn. Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] …
- … garden ”. Letter 6083 - Casparay, J. X. R. to Darwin, [2 April 1868] …
- … Expression . Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 15 hits
- … thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity …
- … feminine powers of feeling and aesthetic appreciation, Darwin and his male colleagues struggled to …
- … 1. Where did natural science tend to be conducted? 2. Did Victorians consider Natural …
- … Letters Letter 109 - Wedgwood, J. to Darwin, R. W., [31 August 1831] Darwin …
- … professional work on his return. Letter 158 - Darwin to Darwin, R. W., [8 & 26 …
- … and taking in the aesthetic beauty of the world around him. Darwin describes the “striking” colour …
- … town with Emma. Letter 555 - Darwin to FitzRoy, R., [20 February 1840] Darwin …
- … A Biographical Sketch of an Infant ’. Letter 2781 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [3 May …
- … in the north-facing borders of his garden. Letter 2864 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [12 …
- … Published in Gardeners’ Chronicle , Darwin asks M. J. Berkeley to identify microscopical …
- … pleasure. Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin …
- … of them into his bedroom. Letter 4469 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [20 April 1864] …
- … his life to science. Letter 4472 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [26 or 27 April 1864] …
- … help shape his sons’ fortunes. Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] …
- … on the bedroom wallpaper. Letter 10821 - Graham C. C. to Darwin, [30 January 1877] …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 25 hits
- … The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the …
- … in relation to Sex’. Always precise in his accounting, Darwin reckoned that he had started writing …
- … gathered on each of these topics was far more extensive than Darwin had anticipated. As a result, …
- … and St George Jackson Mivart, and heated debates sparked by Darwin’s proposed election to the French …
- … a horrid grinding machine’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 25 December [1870] ). Finishing …
- … ( letter to Albert Günther, 13 January [1870] ). Darwin was still working hard on parts of the …
- … style, the more grateful I shall be’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). She had …
- … , the latter when she was just eighteen years of age. Darwin clearly expected her to make a …
- … have thought that I shd. turn parson?’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Henrietta …
- … at the moral sense of mankind’ ( letter to F. P. Cobbe, 23 March [1870?] ). Cobbe accused Darwin …
- … form one great philosophy?’ ( letter from F. P. Cobbe, 28 March [1870?] ). Humans as …
- … for the drawing ( Correspondence vol. 16, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1868] ; this …
- … its frequency and variability in humans ( Descent 1: 22-3). Humans as animals: facial …
- … who sent a sketch of a baby’s brows ( letter from L. C. Wedgwood, [5 May 1870] ). He also wrote to …
- … (in retrograde direction) naturalist’ (letter to A. R.Wallace, 26 January [1870]). …
- … & valuable labours on the Primates’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 23 April [1870] ). He also …
- … Ape differs from a lump of granite’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 22 April 1870 ). Mivart …
- … whatever may have been his “origin” ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 25 April 1870 ). In his …
- … than I could a ball at Buckingham Palace’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 30 June [1870] ). …
- … and foetus during pregnancy. As a case in point, John Jenner Weir described the offspring of a mare …
- … persons long married grow like each other’ ( letter from J. J. Weir, 17 March 1870 ). …
- … in Bastian’s solutions of the same kind’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 July [1870] ). Bastian’s …
- … to be thus killed by a man of 86’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 25 May [1870] ). On learning of this, …
- … do, I know no more than the man in the moon’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 25 May [1870] ). …
- … not entirely participated in this feeling’ ( letter to J. V. Carus, 18 August 1870 ). Carus …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 27 hits
- … evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost …
- … (1875) and Cross and self fertilisation (1876). Darwin’s son Francis became increasingly …
- … career to become his father’s scientific secretary. Darwin had always relied on assistance from …
- … Francis’s decision. A large portion of the letters Darwin received in 1873 were in response …
- … the previous year. As was typical, readers wrote to Darwin personally to offer suggestions, …
- … some of which were incorporated in a later edition. Darwin also contributed to discussions in the …
- … Francis Galton’s work on inherited talent, which prompted Darwin to reflect on the traits and …
- … Station at Naples. Plants that eat and feel? Darwin had resumed experiments on the …
- … to observe, which I ought to have observed” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] ). …
- … and alkaloids, and even electrical stimulation. On sending Darwin a specimen of the carnivorous …
- … wicked will on it—root leaf & branch!” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 January 1873 ). …
- … to bend inward, so that the plant closed like a fist. Darwin was fascinated by this transmission of …
- … so more places will be created” ( letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 ). Erasmus, who had …
- … fit for continuous work” ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 25 September [1873] ). Shortly afterwards, …
- … my own ignorance before hand” ( letter to George Cupples, 28 April [1873] ). Readers' …
- … bulldog” ( letter from L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield, 20 February 1873 ). The surgeon Francis …
- … finger rubbing had been mentioned in Expression , pp. 265–6, informed Darwin that his newest …
- … & decay with the reverse—” ( letter from William Main, 2 April 1873 ). The zoologist Henry …
- … without instruction or previously acquired knowledge” (A. R. Wallace 1870, p. 204). Moggridge …
- … could be transmitted to its offspring ( letter from J. T. Moggridge, 1 February 1873 ). …
- … friend— but he is a deal too sharp” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [7 April 1873] ). A group …
- … forced him to take periodic breaks from work ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 21 February [1873] ). They …
- … new facts which I have to compare & judge of” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 December [1873] ). …
- … believes whether or not they are sound” ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 17 November 1873 ). But no …
- … unorthodoxy, troubling and potentially undermining (J. R. Moore 1985, pp. 471–2). A courted …
- … home, when he was graced by an invitation from John Jenner Weir to act as a patron of the annual cat …
- … a personification of Natural Filosofy” ( letter from J. C. Costerus and N. D. Doedes, 18 March 1873 …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 27 hits
- … When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect …
- … out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller, 22 February [1867] ). The list was printed …
- … was the collection of observations on a global scale. Darwin was especially interested in peoples …
- … cultural and conventional, or instinctive and universal. Darwin used his existing correspondence …
- … and with the mouth a little drawn back at the corners?” Darwin’s questionnaire was an extension of …
- … was also carefully devised so as to prevent the feelings of Darwin’s remote observers from colouring …
- … natives in Ceylon, wrote the botanist George Thwaites on 22 July 1868 , “all endeavour to drill …
- … nodding vertically Blair, R.H. 11 July …
- … in the blind Bowker, J.H. [10 Dec 1867] …
- … Fuegians Brooke, C.A.J. 30 Nov 1870 …
- … Dyaks Brooke, C.A.J. 30 April 1871 …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 20 May 1869 32 Queen Anne St. …
- … Darwin, Francis 20 June 1867 Unknown? …
- … forwarded by Muller Haast, J.F.J. von 12 …
- … he forwards it to Haast, J.F.J. von 4 Dec …
- … Lake Wellington, Australia letter to F.J.H. von Mueller nodding, …
- … of baby's tears Hooker, J.D. 5 Sept …
- … Reade, Winwood W. [c.8 or 9 Apr 1870] Accra, West …
- … expressions Rothrock, J.T. 31 March 1867 …
- … in Hottentots Smyth, R. Brough 13 Aug 1868 …
- … New Zealand) forwarded to CD by J.F.J. von Haast Maoris …
- … respond to query Weale, J.P.M. 7 July 1867 …
- … Kafir, Hottentot Weale, J.P.M. [10 Dec …
- … Kaffirs Weale, J.P.M. 23 Oct 1868 …
- … Kafir girls Weale, J.P.M. [25 May 1870] …
- … Africa? Weale, J.P.M. [Jan 1873] …
- … "brown study" Weir, J.J. 27 June …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of …
- … appeared at the end of 1866 and had told his cousin William Darwin Fox, ‘My work will have to stop a …
- … friend, the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, ‘If I lived 20 more years, & was able to work, how I …
- … Well it is a beginning, & that is something’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [22 January 1869] ). …
- … material on emotional expression. Yet the scope of Darwin’s interests remained extremely broad, and …
- … plants, and earthworms, subjects that had exercised Darwin for decades, and that would continue to …
- … Carl von Nägeli and perfectibility Darwin’s most substantial addition to Origin was a …
- … a Swiss botanist and professor at Munich (Nägeli 1865). Darwin had considered Nägeli’s paper …
- … principal engine of change in the development of species. Darwin correctly assessed Nägeli’s theory …
- … for changes in most morphological features (Nägeli 1865, p. 29). Darwin sent a manuscript of his …
- … blunders, as is very likely to be the case’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January 1869 ). Hooker …
- … are & must be morphological’. The comment highlights Darwin’s apparent confusion about Nägeli’s …
- … altered by his perfectibility principle (Nägeli 1865, pp. 28–9). In further letters, Hooker tried to …
- … now see is possible or probable’ (see also letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 January [1869] , and …
- … while Roland Trimen in South Africa and John Jenner Weir in London sent more information on male and …
- … males & females, cocks & hens.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 November [1869] ). Yet …
- … & contempt—almost hatred—’ ( from Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May [1869] ). James …
- … of information which I have sent prove of any service to M r . Darwin I can supply him with much …
- … & proximate cause in regard to Man’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). More …
- … and the bird of paradise (Wallace 1869a; letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 March [1869] ), and …
- … an injustice & never demands justice’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). …
- … species that Darwin had investigated in depth ( letter from C. F. Claus, 6 February 1869 ). In a …
- … genus that he had studied in the early 1860s ( letter to W. C. Tait, 12 and 16 March 1869 ). This …
- … [her] to translate “Domestic Animals”’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 November [1869] ). Angered by …
- … Sweetland Dallas’s edition of Fritz Müller’s Für Darwin (Dallas trans. 1869). The book, an …
- … creation, if he is not completely staggered after reading y r essay’. The work received a …
- … whole meeting was decidedly Huxley’s answer to D r M c Cann. He literally poured boiling oil …
- … suggestions to its publisher, Macmillan ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 November 1869 ). Darwin …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 26 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, …
- … couple of months were needed to index the work, a task that Darwin handed over to someone else for …
- … and animals ( Expression ), published in 1872. Although Darwin had been collecting material and …
- … A global reputation The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly …
- … who might best answer the questions, with the result that Darwin began to receive replies from …
- … Variation would be based on proof-sheets received as Darwin corrected them. Closer to home, two …
- … Charles Fleeming Jenkin, challenged different aspects of Darwin’s theory of transmutation as …
- … orchids are fertilised by insects ( Orchids ). While Darwin privately gave detailed opinions of …
- … capable hands of Alfred Russel Wallace. At the same time, Darwin was persuaded by some German …
- … domestication . In a letter to his son William dated 27 [March 1867] , he admitted, ‘I fear the …
- … at what rate your work will be published’ ( letter from J. V. Carus, 5 April 1867 ). This hint of …
- … to introduce the work to the German public ( letter from J. V. Carus, 15 April 1867 ). Darwin may …
- … translate my book in preference to you’ ( letter to J. V. Carus, 18 April [1867] ). Darwin was not …
- … Darwin wrote in his chapter on pangenesis ( Variation 2: 365). Darwin had developed his …
- … power of judging it. This is my case with Pangen: (which is 26 or 27 years old!) but I am inclined …
- … important step in Biology’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 22 August [1867] ). Darwin’s insecurity …
- … attack it & me with unparalleled ferocity’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 17 November [1867] ). …
- … see your second volume on “The Struggle for Existence &c.” for I doubt if we have a sufficiency …
- … “supplemental remarks on expression”’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [12–17] March [1867] ). Darwin’s …
- … the colours were protective and suggested that John Jenner Weir might conduct experiments in his …
- … level. In his response to Wallace ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 26 February [1867] ), Darwin defended …
- … to the work I shall find it much better done by you than I c d have succeeded in doing’ ( letter …
- … had read it and whether it was worth reading ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 4 February 1867 ). In a …
- … I have not a word to say against it but such a view c d hardly come into a scientific book’ ( …
- … Wallace published a long article, ‘Creation by law’ (A. R. Wallace 1867c), which responded to Jenkin …
- … judgement he would subdue; that is yours’ ( letter from J. V. Carus, 5 April 1867 ). Darwin …
