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Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 25 hits
- … evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost …
- … (1875) and Cross and self fertilisation (1876). Darwin’s son Francis became increasingly …
- … career to become his father’s scientific secretary. Darwin had always relied on assistance from …
- … Francis’s decision. A large portion of the letters Darwin received in 1873 were in response …
- … the previous year. As was typical, readers wrote to Darwin personally to offer suggestions, …
- … some of which were incorporated in a later edition. Darwin also contributed to discussions in the …
- … Francis Galton’s work on inherited talent, which prompted Darwin to reflect on the traits and …
- … Station at Naples. Plants that eat and feel? Darwin had resumed experiments on the …
- … to have observed” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] ). Drosera was the main focus of …
- … leaf & branch!” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 January 1873 ). Darwin found that the …
- … copy of the Handbook for the physiological laboratory (1873), a detailed guide to animal …
- … Darwin’s other main focus of botanical investigation in 1873 was cross- and self-fertilisation, work …
- … flower would become modified & correlated” ( letter to T. H. Farrer, 14 August 1873 ). …
- … when it will be ready” ( letter to John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). Keeping it in the family …
- … their burrows” ( letter from Francis Darwin, 14 August [1873] ). In September, Darwin …
- … will be created” ( letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 ). Erasmus, who had studied medicine …
- … throat like a bulldog” ( letter from L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield, 20 February 1873 ). The …
- … it would offend his father ( enclosure to letter from T. H. Huxley, 3 December 1873 ). In …
- … to us to the last day of our lives” ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 23 April 1873 ). Huxley was …
- … been without energy & without hope” ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 24 April 1873 ). He accepted …
- … “I’m to starve sweat & purge it away” ( letter from G. H. Darwin, [1 October 1873] ). He also …
- … some little happiness & enjoyment in life” ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 5 March [1873] ). Darwin …
- … “It is a good omen for the future” ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 2 August [1873] ). But he was more …
- … world his opinions on the deepest subjects?” ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 21 October [1873] ). Darwin …
- … “most strongly on public grounds” ( letter from G. S. Ffinden to Emma Darwin, 24 December 1873 ). …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 29 hits
- … the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells …
- … on plants with two or three different forms of flowers, Darwin had focused on the anatomical and …
- … of different forms of pollen. Although many plants that Darwin observed had flowers with adaptations …
- … rates, growth, and constitutional vigour. Although Darwin was no stranger to long months and years …
- … … is highly remarkable’ In September 1866, Darwin announced to the American botanist …
- … several years ( To Édouard Bornet, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin began a series of experiments, …
- … ). It was only after a new season of experiments that Darwin would confirm that this poppy shed its …
- … access to flowers was only the tip of the iceberg. Darwin next focused on the California …
- … conditions’ ( From Fritz Müller, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin’s interest was piqued and he described …
- … when self-fertilised, although fewer than crossed plants. Darwin sent some of these seeds to Müller, …
- … [1868] ). Müller, in turn, sent seeds from his plants to Darwin and both men continued to …
- … Müller remarked, on receiving a new batch of seeds from Darwin, ‘that it was ‘curious to see, on …
- … ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, Darwin reported that he was ‘rearing crossed …
- … From a fairly early stage in his experimental programme, Darwin began to pay more attention to the …
- … 5 December 1871 ). When Darwin began writing in February 1873, he asked Hooker for names of …
- … system to follow ( To J. D. Hooker, 17 February 1873 ). Despite also working on experiments with …
- … with this & get it published’ ( To Asa Gray, 11 March [1873] ). In April 1873, the …
- … Translators, Reviewers, &c.’ ( To John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). In reply to his German …
- … when it will be published’ ( To J. V. Carus, 8 May [1873] ). Hermann Müller also wrote from …
- … my further working’ ( From Hermann Müller, 10 June 1873 ). Darwin, in turn, had found Müller’s …
- … them by different routes’ ( To Hermann Müller, 30 May 1873 ). Although Darwin had completed a …
- … must turn to the vegetable kingdom’ In June 1873, Delpino informed Darwin that …
- … to avoid crossing ( From Federico Delpino, 18 June 1873 ). Darwin was intrigued. ‘I am very glad …
- … Bees’, he told Delpino ( To Federico Delpino, 25 June [1873] ). Darwin’s suspicion that sweet peas …
- … his crossing experiments through the early summer, by August 1873, Darwin decided to shift focus …
- … effects of Interbreeding’ ( To J. V. Carus, 2 August [1873] ). In September, Darwin wrote a …
- … conditions of life’ ( To Nature , 20 September [1873] ). Just as the free-swimming barnacle …
- … mean excess of the crossed over the self-fertilised’ ( To G. H. Darwin, 8 January [1876] ). George …
- … for the moment that all of equal value.’ ( From G. H. Darwin, [after 8 January 1876] ). It was his …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 23 hits
- … | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
- … garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s …
- … birds. Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868] Darwin …
- … Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October 1869] …
- … Letter 8701 - Lubbock, E. F . to Darwin, [1873] Ellen Lubbock, wife of naturalist …
- … Letter 8989 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [28 July 1873] Mary Treat reports in detail on her …
- … patience”. Letter 4242 - Hildebrand, F. H. G. to Darwin, [16 July 1863] …
- … Women: Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] …
- … Letter 4823 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, H. E., [May 1865] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, …
- … Leith Hill Place. Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] …
- … Letter 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the …
- … for more samples. Letter 4928 - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] …
- … “eyebrows”. Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] …
- … Letter 8989 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [28 July 1873] Mary Treat provides a detailed …
- … with minnows. Letter 2781 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [3 May 1860] …
- … Letter 5254 - Hildebrand, F. H. G. to Darwin, [23 October 1866] German botanist …
- … 9156 - Wallace, A. R . to Darwin, [19 November 1873] Wallace reassures Darwin that …
- … job. Letter 9157 - Darwin to Da rwin, G. H., [20 November 1873] Darwin …
- … Letter 8719 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 January 1873] Darwin gives Mary Treat close …
- … 9157 - Darwin to Da rwin, G. H., [20 November 1873] Darwin offers the work of …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 25 hits
- … 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working …
- … dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
- … and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt …
- … ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, to …
- … from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one …
- … I feel very old & helpless The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to …
- … Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
- … Williams was ‘a cheat and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin …
- … he was thus free to perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874] ). This did …
- … allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April 1874 ). Back …
- … had suggested a new edition of the coral book in December 1873, when he realised the difficulty a …
- … vol. 21, letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 17 December [1873] ). Darwin himself had some trouble …
- … sweetly all the horrid bother of correction’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 21 [March 1874] ). The …
- … I have pounded the enemy into a jelly’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 14 April 1874 ). The technical …
- … and never mind where it goes’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 16 April 1874 ). The second …
- … conciseness & clearness of your thought’ ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 20 April 1874 ). …
- … of human evolution and inheritance himself. In August 1873, he had published in the Contemporary …
- … the spread of various mental and physical disorders (G. H. Darwin 1873b). In July 1874, an anonymous …
- … over the ‘scurrilous libel’ on his son ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [27 July 1874] ). George, …
- … scurrilous accusation of [a] lying scoundrel’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). He …
- … with Murray on the outcome ( enclosure to letter from G. H. Darwin, 6 [August] 1874 ): …
- … direct to the Editor & it had been refused’ ( letter from G. H. Darwin, [6 or 7 August 1874] ) …
- … Mivart (see Correspondence vol. 20, letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). To Darwin …
- … the use of the Down schoolroom as a winter reading room in 1873 (see Correspondence , vol. 21, …
- … ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 July [1874] ). In 1873, Hooker had begun a series of …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 4 hits
- … theory, [25 February 1846] E. A. Darwin's calculations on the structure of bees’ …
- … , and their geometry, [19 June 1858] . W. E. Darwin's observations on Pulmonaria , …
- … in different species of Gasteria , 7 December 1873 F. F. Hallett's rough sketch …
- … enclosures containing bud samples, 12 May 1878 G. H. Darwin's drawings of Thalia …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 23 hits
- … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
- … 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
- … to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
- … the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
- … 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
- … a holiday in the Lake District in August did little to raise Darwin’s spirits. ‘I wish that my …
- … W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
- … that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
- … contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
- … Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 …
- … the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German …
- … ). The masters of Greiz College in Thuringia venerated Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while …
- … accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with justified …
- … with the when & the where, & the who—’ ( letter from V. H. Darwin, 28 May [1879] ). On the …
- … tastefully and well, and with little fatigue’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and …
- … to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 5 June 1879 , and letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 ). Darwin’s …
- … and after Farrer’s second marriage to Darwin’s niece in 1873 the Darwins had stayed at the Farrers’ …
- … wait for three months. ‘Nothing can be more useless than T.H’s conduct’, Emma Darwin pointed out, …
- … to get home ‘& began drumming at once’ (Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [27 August 1879] (DAR …
- … & I may not be equal to the exertion’ ( letter to H. A. Pitman, [13 May 1879] ). In the end, …
- … because it dominated the picture (letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [17 July 1879] (DAR …
- … and his family to the Riviera for the summer ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 23 July 1879 ). Allen, who …
- … to their engagement being made public ( letter from T. H. Farrer, 12 October 1879 ). Darwin’s …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
- … a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
- … women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
- … that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
- … and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] …
- … typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] …
- … Letter 8778 - Forster, L. M . to Darwin, H. E., [20 February 1873] Henrietta’s …
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
Matches: 11 hits
- … Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific …
- … Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin …
- … on insufficient grounds. Letter 3934 - Darwin to Scott, J., [21 January 1863] …
- … material worthy of publication. Letter 4185 - Darwin to Scott, J., [25 & 28 May …
- … worker you are!”. Letter 7605 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [20 March 1871] …
- … “lucid vigorous style”. In consultation with Emma, Darwin offers Henrietta “some little memorial” in …
- … so many observations without aid. Letter 8146 - Darwin to Treat, M., [5 January 1872] …
- … scientific journal”. Letter 8171 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L., [21 January 1872] …
- … stooping over holes for hours which “tried my head”. Darwin notes that Lucy is worth her weight in …
- … he had repeated the experiment. Letter 9580 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H. D., [1 August …
- … work”. Letter 11096 - Darwin to Romanes, G. J., [9 August 1877] Darwin points …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 24 hits
- … When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect …
- … ease of distribution sometime in late 1867 or early 1868. Darwin went over his questions, refining …
- … was the collection of observations on a global scale. Darwin was especially interested in peoples …
- … cultural and conventional, or instinctive and universal. Darwin used his existing correspondence …
- … and with the mouth a little drawn back at the corners?” Darwin’s questionnaire was an extension of …
- … was also carefully devised so as to prevent the feelings of Darwin’s remote observers from colouring …
- … and not the susceptibilities of a moral nature.” Darwin did not typically countenance such …
- … the collection of information to its display in print. After Darwin received all of the replies to …
- … except “yes” or “no.” “The same state of mind” Darwin would later assert in Expression of the …
- … uniformity.” Table of Correspondence about Darwin’s Questionnaire (click on the letter …
- … could available online ahead of schedule as part of the “Darwin and Human Nature” project, funded by …
- … Southampton, England letter to W.E. Darwin shrugging/pouting of …
- … blushing Darwin, Francis 20 June 1867 …
- … Bartlett and S. Sutton Darwin, Francis …
- … pouting Darwin, W.E. [after 29 March 1868] …
- … blushing in blind students Darwin, W.E. [7 …
- … blushing Darwin, W.E. [22? April 1868] …
- … Ceylon enclosed in letter from G.H.K. Thwaites …
- … will forward query Huxley, H.A. 22 Mar …
- … Aborigines Lane, H.B. 13 Aug 1868 …
- … head forward Mivart, G.J. 26 Jan 1871 …
- … aborigines Thwaites, G.H.K. 1 Apr 1868 …
- … Weale, J.P.M. [Jan 1873] Bedford, Cape of Good Hope, …
- … Kanara), Bombay, India forwarded by H.N.B. Erskine …
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 4 hits
- … novels, under her pen name, achieved great acclaim. Darwin and his family were keen readers …
- … Sunday afternoons, when they received visitors (23 March 1873; Emma described his visit in a letter …
- … younger daughter, Bessy, did call on a Saturday in October 1873 but the Leweses were away. As a …
- … started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Darwin took Emma to a Sunday afternoon at …
Science, Work and Manliness
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels published the first edition of what proved to be one of his best-selling works, How Men Are Made. "It is by work, work, work" he told his middle class audience, …
Matches: 11 hits
- … In describing what they did using the language of labour, Darwin and his male colleagues asserted …
- … 1. Which elements of the scientific process do Darwin and his male correspondents tend to …
- … another's scientific work? How does this differ from how Darwin praised women's work ? …
- … Letters Letter 282 - Darwin to Fox, W. D., [9 - 12 August 1835] Darwin …
- … thinking and hammering”. Letter 1533 - Darwin to Dana, J. D., [27 September 1853] …
- … the labour bestowed on it are “really surprising” and Darwin hopes that Dana’s health withstood the …
- … labour and patience”. Letter 4262 - Darwin to Gray, A., [4 August 1863] Darwin …
- … which was “no slight labour”. Letter 3901 - Darwin to Falconer, H., [5 & 6 January …
- … worked out paper on which Falconer has worked very hard. Darwin hopes that Falconer’s extreme labour …
- … investigation as a physical and laborious process, he envies Darwin and other “hard working …
- … process. Letter 9157 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H., [20 November 1873] Darwin …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 24 hits
- … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
- … unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwin’s life, as it reveals his …
- … belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwin’s parents attended a Unitarian …
- … the necessary studies to be a clergyman. During Darwin’s lifetime, the vast majority of the …
- … income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
- … compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
- … (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world …
- … it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). Darwin’s …
- … Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox …
- … about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). Darwin’s doubts about orthodox belief, and …
- … in 1838 and 1839, as can be read here. In the end, Darwin chose a middle course—a life of ease in …
- … within six years of his return from the Beagle voyage, Darwin moved to Down House, in the …
- … where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother Erasmus, Emma’s sister …
- … of Emma, whose religious scruples are discussed here. But Darwin’s correspondence reveals his own …
- … Although he was not the principal landowner in Down, Darwin was a gentleman of means, and clearly …
- … made inroads on Anglican authority in the countryside. The Darwin family took an interest in, and …
- … Many of the letters highlighted in this section focus on Darwin’s long-standing relationship with …
- … To the end of his life Innes refused to be persuaded by Darwin’s theory of evolution, but …
- … cordial; in the first extant letter of the correspondence, Darwin wrote to Innes expressing concern …
- … to 1869 (letter to J. B. Innes, [8 May 1848] and n. 2). Darwin praised Innes to John William …
- … from Down (letter to J. B. Innes, 15 December [1861] ). Darwin and Innes continued to correspond …
- … complications he left behind (letter from S. J. O’H. Horsman, 2 June [1868] ). Among the reasons …
- … (letter to Down School Board, [after 29 November 1873] ). Ffinden fiercely resented Darwin for …
- … Press in association with Nova Pacifica. Paz, D. G., ed. 1995. Nineteenth-century English …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 26 hits
- … Editions Plants always held an important place in Darwin’s theorising about species, and …
- … his periods of severe illness. Yet on 15 January 1875 , Darwin confessed to his close friend …
- … way to continuous writing and revision, activities that Darwin found less gratifying: ‘I am slaving …
- … bad.’ The process was compounded by the fact that Darwin was also revising another manuscript …
- … coloured stamens.’ At intervals during the year, Darwin was diverted from the onerous task of …
- … zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early May, Darwin was occupied with a heated …
- … chapter of the controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous …
- … on 12 January , breaking off all future communication. Darwin had been supported during the affair …
- … Society of London, and a secretary of the Linnean Society, Darwin’s friends had to find ways of …
- … pp. 16–17). ‘How grandly you have defended me’, Darwin wrote on 6 January , ‘You have also …
- … in public. ‘Without cutting him direct’, he advised Darwin on 7 January , ‘I should avoid him, …
- … & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January 1875 ). Darwin had also considered taking up …
- … , ‘I feel now like a pure forgiving Christian!’ Darwin’s ire was not fully spent, however, …
- … in the same Quarterly article that attacked George. Darwin raised the matter at the end of the …
- … to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a memorial …
- … Hensleigh and Frances Wedgwood. She had corresponded with Darwin about the evolution of the moral …
- … could not sign the paper sent me by Miss Cobbe.’ Darwin found Cobbe’s memorial inflammatory …
- … memorial had been read in the House of Lords (see ' Darwin and vivisection '). …
- … medical educators, and other interested parties. Darwin was summoned to testify on 3 November. It …
- … ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. 183). Darwin learned of Klein’s testimony …
- … agree to any law, which should send him to the treadmill.’ Darwin had become acquainted with Klein …
- … red half has become wholly white’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [before 4 November 1874] ). …
- … heavily on his son Francis, who had made the decision in 1873 to abandon his medical studies and …
- … of a review of William Dwight Whitney’s work on language (G. H. Darwin 1874c). George had taken the …
- … and the local vicar George Sketchley Ffinden resurfaced. In 1873, Charles and Emma Darwin and the …
- … on the digestive properties of Nepenthes since 1873. ‘You are aware that Dr Hooker has worked …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
Matches: 15 hits
- … 1874, the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son George serious …
- … pp. 98–114, and Dawson 2007, pp. 77–81. George Darwin's article on marriage In …
- … to liberty of marriage’ in the Contemporary Review (G. H. Darwin 1873b). In this article, George …
- … 76). Mivart’s argument did not win general assent. Darwin was more struck by the comments on …
- … The following quotations from Mivart’s paper mention Darwin and George: p. 45: ‘Mr. Darwin, …
- … in the next issue of the Quarterly ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 29 July 1874 ). Darwin hastily …
- … Murray would be likely to wish to circulate ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). Darwin …
- … he might be thought to endorse them ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 5 August 1874 ). He sent a second …
- … by me, published in the ‘Contemporary Review’ for August 1873, and entitled ‘On Beneficial …
- … protégé, and Huxley’s reaction was savage ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [6 December 1874] ). Hooker …
- … of all the instincts of a gentleman’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 23 December 1874 ). However, …
- … sufficiently plain that I did not intend to attribute to Mr G. Darwin any personal slur but only an …
- … an approving strain” because a careful consideration of Mr G. Darwins paper has convinced me that …
- … | Your’s very faithfully | St Geo Mivart T. H. Huxley Esq Sec R.S. &c &c &c …
- … my intention than the wish to insinuate anything against Mr. G. Darwin personally. It never occurred …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
- … of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was increasingly a …
- … assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and Darwin in turn encouraged his son’s own …
- … The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. Darwin received two elaborate photograph albums …
- … from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. Closer to home, Darwin received an honorary Doctorate of …
- … sites for possible earthworm activity. Now in his 69th year, Darwin remained remarkably productive, …
- … no controversy. In his autobiographical reflections, Darwin remarked: ‘no little discovery of …
- … (‘Recollections’, p. 419). During the winter and spring, Darwin was busy preparing the manuscript of …
- … and presented to the Linnean Society of London. In the book, Darwin adopted the more recent term …
- … as dimorphic without comparing pollen-grains & stigmas’, Darwin remarked to Joseph Dalton …
- … measurements of the size and number of pollen-grains, Darwin compared the fertility of individual …
- … primrose and purple loosestrife. In the course of his work, Darwin found a number of other …
- … dreadful work making out anything about dried flowers’, Darwin complained to Asa Gray on 8 March …
- … which include heterstyled species. This pleases me.’. Darwin dedicated the book to Gray, ‘as a small …
- … separate publications together into a larger whole enabled Darwin to advance more speculative views …
- … both pollen and seeds’ ( Forms of flowers , p. 344). Darwin was typically pessimistic about the …
- … be sold’. His publisher knew from previous experience that Darwin was a poor judge of sales, and …
- … after completing his manuscript of Forms of flowers , Darwin took up the problem of ‘bloom’ in …
- … characteristic whose purpose was little understood. Darwin had begun studying bloom in August 1873, …
- … exchanged between Down and Kew over the next six months. Darwin corresponded most often with the …
- … been for your kindness, we sh d . have broken down’, Darwin wrote back on 5 September . ‘As it …
- … injury from pure water resting on leaves’. In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but …
- … on leaves and the distribution of the stomata’ (F. Darwin 1886). Alongside his work on bloom, …
- … closely to the leaves and required a tolerable shake’. Darwin gained another valuable observer in …
- … with wicked imprecations’ (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). …
- … up to the mark hereafter is another question’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 30 May [1877] ). In the …
- … by, or could contain, any earth worms’ ( letter from J. G. Joyce, 15 November 1877 ). Even at …
- … between sagging of pavemts & castings’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 21 November [1877] ). It is …
People featured in the German and Austrian photograph album
Summary
Biographical details of people from the Habsburg Empire that appeared in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes Mattes for providing these details and for permission to make his…
Matches: 11 hits
- … in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are …
- … Gesellschaft in Wien 65, 1915. p. 321–328. G. B. de Toni: Albert Grunow. In: Annalen des …
- … Akademie in Vienna and published the books “Darwin und der Darwinismus” (1869) and “Leitfaden der …
- … See name register . Jeitteles, L. H. See name register . …
- … as a clerk of the Southern Railway Company, he retired in 1873, devoted himself to coleopterology …
- … and finally got a position at the Imperial Natural Cabinet (1873). Subsequently, Marenzeller became …
- … Tagblatt 335 (6 th December) 1924. p. 9. H. Leitner: Bericht des Generalsekretärs in …
- … (Johann Nußbaumer, b. 1846) experience of colour hearing in 1873 that contributed to the …
- … Ober-Staatsrealschulen in Linz (1871), Vienna (1873) and Prostějov (1877). M. Pichler: …
- … at the Technical College and University of Vienna (Dr., 1873). Habilitation in palaeontology (1877) …
- … Institute in Vienna, he became trainee (1859), geologist (1873) and finally chief geologist (1877) …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical …
- … a live worm on a hook (‘Recollections’, pp. 358, 388). Darwin’s concern for animals aligned with …
- … and an integral part of medical and veterinary training. Darwin was clearly disturbed by the …
- … to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In Descent , Darwin described an animal enduring a …
- … to the last hour of his life’ ( Descent 1: 40). Darwin’s closest encounter with …
- … on rabbits. The investigation was partly aimed at testing Darwin’s ‘hypothesis of pangenesis’, which …
- … of different breeds together. Galton reported regularly to Darwin on the results (all negative). He …
- … Society, calling into question the theory of pangenesis. Darwin was taken aback, and swiftly replied …
- … no longer look after the rabbits (many died from the cold), Darwin offered to give the poor …
- … results were promising, but inconclusive (see letter from G. J. Romanes, 14 July 1875 ). …
- … more influenced by experiments on animals than on plants’, Darwin conceded. ‘I think a large number …
- … work; & I suppose birds can be chloroformed (letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 December 1874 ). …
- … were analogous to those performed on dogs and other animals. Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants …
- … handbook for the physiological laboratory (Klein et al. 1873), a two volume work designed for …
- … an acquaintance of the Darwins, and had corresponded with Darwin cordially about his moral theory, …
- … ( letter to F. B. Cobbe, [14 January 1875] ). Darwin’s involvement in the vivisection …
- … in regard to health &c, I look at as puerile. Darwin saw a need for regulation (licensing …
- … with costly equipment, a supply of animals, etc.. Darwin was concerned that ‘private men’ would be …
- … view I have rejoiced at the present agitation. ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January [1875] ) …
- … as doomed to death in this country. ( letter To T. H. Huxley, 14 January 1875 ) Legislation …
- … the total abolition of the practice. ‘It seems to me’, Darwin remarked to George Romanes, ‘that …
- … organised defence. To bring more solidarity to the field, Darwin’s son Francis, and a number of his …
- … ( letter from T. L. Brunton, 12 February 1882 ). Darwin declined the offer to be honorary …
