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Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
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Referencing women’s work
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Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
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Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
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- … and the heavy use of their arms and legs ( letter from C. L. Bernays, 25 February 1871 ). Samples …
- … is a thing which I sh d feel very proud of, if anyone c d . say of me.’ After the publication …
- … was achieved through ‘the medium of opinion, positive law &c’, and transmitted by culture, not …
- … his own family circle, especially his cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood, whom Darwin had cited on the origin …
- … passing temptation of hunting it’ ( Descent 2: 392). Wedgwood, however, denied that a simple …
- … or remorse. The true essence of conscience, according to Wedgwood, was shame, and he went so far as …
- … by the presence of its master. ( Letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] .) Some …
- … Morley. George and Henrietta remarked upon his dispute with Wedgwood. Darwin’s theory of the moral …
- … and morally bound. In one particularly long letter to Wedgwood, Darwin alluded to the pain of …
- … agreement is a satisfaction to me’ ( letter to Hensleigh Wedgwood, 9 March 1871 ). A …
- … in the world except. laughing. crying grinning pouting &c. &c’, he wrote to Hooker on 21 …
- … home, Leith Hill Place in Surrey, and CD’s niece Lucy Wedgwood collected and weighed the dried …
- … raise annually on an acre of land at 16 tons (letter from L. C. Wedgwood, [20 November 1871] ). …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
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- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
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- … William Jenner, 20 March [1882] ; see also letter from T. L Brunton, 12 February 1882 , and …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
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Science: A Man’s World?
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Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
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Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
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‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
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Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
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'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
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- … remained unpublished at the end of the year ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald, 23 November 1872 ). …
- … from his ignorance, he feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June 1872 ). Right up to the …
- … Charlton Bastian’s recent book on the origin of life (H. C. Bastian 1872; Wallace 1872d) left him …
- … Lord Sackville Cecil, to attend a séance ( letter from M. C. Stanley, 4 June 1872 ). There was …
- … gift, although he doubted he would ever use it ( letter to C. L. Dodgson, 10 December 1872 ). …
- … to contain wormcasts from India. Darwin’s niece Lucy Wedgwood, who had started her observations the …
- … to which any scientific man can look’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 29 April [1872] ). …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
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- … she added an s to the end of every word “Ettis & Bettis &c afterwards all the ws were turned …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
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The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
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- … after his return, Darwin became engaged to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood. The letters they exchanged …
- … by Darwin from a suggestion made by his uncle, Josiah Wedgwood II, during one of Darwin’s visits to …
- … by Louis Agassiz (see Barrett 1973, Rudwick 1974, and L. Agassiz 1840). In another paper, “On …
- … beetles were described by F. W. Hope, G. R. Waterhouse, and C. C. Babington; the Chalcididae by …
- … all crosses between all domestic birds & animals dogs, cats &c &c very valuable—' …
- … on literature in this field and on friends like Henslow, T. C. Eyton, and W. D. Fox, who were …
- … 1961, p. 53). Marriage Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in January 1839. His hopes and …
- … to how one ought to act’ ( Letter from Emma Darwin, [ c. February 1839] ). These are not …
- … relation of fossil with recent. the fabric falls!' (Notebook C : 76–7). …
Darwin on marriage
Summary
On 11 November 1838 Darwin wrote in his journal ‘The day of days!’. He had proposed to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, and been accepted; they were married on 29 January 1839. Darwin appears to have written these two notes weighing up the pros and cons of…
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- … day of days!’. He had proposed to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, and been accepted; they were married on …
- … Prof. or poor man; outskirts of London, some small Square &c:— & work as well as I can …
- … Anxiety & responsibility— less money for books &c— if many children forced to gain one’s …
- … ‘¶’. [9] ‘not’ interl . [10] ‘C’ over illeg . [11] ‘I’ over ‘l’. …
- … [12 November 1838], informing Lyell that his cousin Emma Wedgwood had accepted him (on 11 November), …
Darwin as mentor
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Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
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Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
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The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
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- … during prolonged intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a …
- … séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those present included George …
- … in a few hours dissolve the hardest cartilage, bone & meat &c. &c.’ ( letter to W. D. …
- … with extracts from a dog’s stomach ( letter from T. L. Brunton, 28 February 1874 ), and Edward …
- … whether at the ‘close of the putrefaction of flesh, skin &c, any substance is produced before …
- … details of an Australian variety of sundew ( letter from T. C. Copland, 23 June 1874 ). …
- … the face, with a physiological explanation ( letter from T. L. Brunton, [29] October [1874] ). …
- … head that M r Spencer’s terms of equilibration &c always bother me & make everything less …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
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On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
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- … Several correspondents, such as his cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood and Heinrich Georg Bronn, expressed …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
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On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
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- … garden, taking notes by dictation. His niece Lucy Caroline Wedgwood sent observations of …
Scientific Networks
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Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
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Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
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The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
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- … check one or two points that he did not clearly understand (l etter to Daniel Oliver, 20 October …
- … … inheritance, reversion, effects of use & disuse &c’, and which he intended to publish in …
- … He wrote to Hooker, ‘I doubt whether you or I or any one c d do any good in healing this breach. …
- … Correspondence vol. 13, CD’s ‘Journal’, Appendix I). Wedgwood and Darwin relatives visited Down …
- … ‘As for your thinking that you do not deserve the C[opley] Medal,’ he rebuked Hooker, ‘that I …
- … [1861]: ‘Mamma is in bed with bad Headach.— Miss. L. is very bad with headach.— Lenny has got a …
