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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Edward Forbes   [after 14 February 1845]1

Thursday

Dear Darwin—

Any letters directed to the Survey—at 6 Craigs Court Charing X—will always find me—2

Gryphaea orientalis3 is from the Southern India* beds & is Cretaceous— Probably upper GreenSand.

* Verdachellum4 not Pondicherry in this case.

I shall look out for the Copiapo Avicula which had escaped me.5

D’Orbigny & Von Buch no doubt mean the same thing.6 Exogyra or Gryphæa couloni is a characteristic Neocomian fossil. Von Buch’s conclusion of the beds forming a passage from the oolites to the Chalk is exactly what I believe to be true. Von Buch wrote before the “Neocomian” was investigated.7

The relative positions would be as follows:

diagram

D’Orbigny probably looks on the Amer beds to be purely “Neocomian” since he holds the doctrine of definite divisions or formations everywhere.

Ever, most sincerely | Edward Forbes

Footnotes

Date based on Alcide d’Orbigny’s naming of CD’s South American shells (see letter from A. C. V. D. d’Orbigny, 14 February 1845).
Forbes had begun work at the Geological Survey on 1 November 1844 (Wilson and Geikie 1861, p. 378).
Forbes regarded one of CD’s Gryphæa specimens as identical to Gryphæa orientalis (South America, p. 212).
Viruddhachalam or Vriddhachalam, south-west of Pondicherry.
See South America, p. 223, where Avicula was listed as a new species by Orbigny. CD stated that George Brettingham Sowerby considered it to have been A. echinata and noted that the specimen had been lost.
According to Orbigny, CD’s Gryphæa was similar to G. couloni (a synonym of Aetostreon latissimum) from the Neocomian formations of France and Neuchâtel. Christian Leopold von Buch, who had also examined a Gryphæa (Exogyra) from a South American deposit, declared it to be identical to specimens of G. couloni from Southern France and the Jura (Buch 1836, p. 471). The passage is scored in CD’s copy in the Darwin Library–CUL. CD recorded their views and Forbes’s clarification in South America, pp. 181, 193.
The geographical extent and chronological position of the Neocomian beds were hotly debated throughout the 1840s, following their identification by Jules Thermann in 1835 (EB).

Bibliography

Buch, Leopold de. 1836. Description physique des iles Canaries, suivie d’une indication des principaux volcans du globe. Translated by C. Boulanger. Paris: F. G. Levrault.

EB: The Encyclopædia Britannica. A dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information. 11th edition. 29 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1910–11.

Geikie, Archibald. 1861. On a rise of the coast of the Firth of Forth within the historical period. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s. 14: 102–12.

South America: Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy RN, during the years 1832 to 1836. By Charles Darwin. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1846.

Summary

Sends information on Gryphaea orientalis. [See South America, p. 212.]

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-809
From
Edward Forbes
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
unstated
Source of text
DAR 43.1: 47–8
Physical description
ALS 3pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 809,” accessed on 19 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-809.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 3

letter