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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Hugo de Vries   8 December 1880

Amsterdam

8 Dec 1880

Dear Sir!

I am very much obliged to you for your great kindness of sending me your Work on the Power of Movement in plants, which I have read with the greatest interest.1 I was much pleased to learn by your experiments that circumnutation is a general phenomenon in all growing plants, and that it is the basis of most of the other movements of vegetable organs. The little oscillations you describe in these circumnutating movements seem to remind of the “stossweise Aenderungen des Wachsthums” of Sachs.2 For if it is allowed to assume that these little “shocks” do not occur at the same time on all sides of the growing organ, the result must be a similar movement as those described by you. I was especially interested by your experiments on the movements and the curious sensitiveness of the roots and plumules of young seedling-plants, which I hope to repeat as soon as I shall have an occasion, for I desire very much to observe myself these interesting and unexpected phenomena.3 I always remember the great pleasure, I had in repeating the experiments, described in your work on Insectivorous plants, with all those species, which I could procure either in botanical gardens or on excursions.4 By so doing I not only obtained a better knowledge of the subject, but often had the opportunity of showing these phenomena to others. And now I always cultivate some Utricularia, Drosera and Pinguicula, so as to be able to show their insectivorous habits to my students every year.

Your considerations on the embryology of leaves remembered me the curious case afforded by the young plants of Sium latifolium, which have their leaves divided in a much higher degree than the pinnated leaves of the older plants, and so show their descent from an Umbelliferous type with highly divided leaves.5 So your experiments and remarks on the danger, occasioned by the radiation during cold nights, suggested to me, that perhaps the hairs of plants might in many cases have been acquired for the same purpose as the sleeping movements, and that this supposition would account for the curious instance that so many leaves are covered with hairs when young, and lose them when growing older.6

In your Work you often speak of my papers on the same subject, and I am much indebted to you for your very kind judgment on them, which will be a stimulus to me in endeavouring to contribute my part to the advancement of science.7

With many thanks | Yours sincerely. | Hugo de Vries.

Footnotes

De Vries’s name appears on CD’s presentation list for Movement in plants (Appendix IV).
‘Stossweise Aenderungen des Wachsthums’: sporadic changes in growth (German). Julius Sachs had used this expression in his article ‘Ueber den Einfluss der Lufttemperatur und des Tageslichts auf die stündlichen und täglichen Aenderungen des Längenwachsthums (Streckung) der Internodien’ (On the impact of air temperature and daylight on the hourly and daily changes in linear growth (elongation) of internodes; Sachs 1872, p. 103) to describe small changes in the direction of growth not due to external causes. For CD’s description of the irregular movements he described as circumnutation, see Movement in plants, pp. 1–2.
CD had described the movement of radicles or embryonic roots, noting that only the tips were sensitive (see Movement in plants, pp. 129–200).
De Vries had mentioned repeating experiments described in Insectivorous plants while in Sachs’s laboratory in the summer of 1875 (see Correspondence vol. 23, letter from Hugo de Vries, 7 November 1875).
Sium latifolium (wideleaf water-parsnip) is in the carrot and parsley family, Apiaceae; Umbelliferae is a synonym of Apiaceae.
In Movement in plants, pp. 284–97, CD had described a number of experiments preventing leaves from assuming a vertical position at night (nyctitropism) and concluded that these movements protected the upper surfaces of leaves from radiation and cold.
See Movement in plants, pp. 2, 6, 108, 217, 267–8, 283, 440–3, 485, 502, and 557. The work most cited by CD was Vries 1872.

Bibliography

Insectivorous plants. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1875.

Movement in plants: The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880.

Sachs, Julius. 1872b. Ueber den Einfluss der Lufttemperatur und des Tageslichts auf die stündlichen und täglichen Aenderungen des Längenwachsthums (Streckung) der Internodien. Arbeiten des Botanischen Instituts in Würzburg 1 (1871–4): 99–192.

Vries, Hugo de. 1872. Ueber einige Ursachen der Richtung bilateralsymmetrischer Pflanzentheile. Arbeiten des botanischen Instituts in Würzburg 1 (1871–4): 222–77.

Summary

Many thanks for Movement in plants; is especially interested in sensitivity of young seedlings.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12897
From
Hugo de Vries
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Amsterdam
Source of text
DAR 180: 25
Physical description
ALS 4pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12897,” accessed on 24 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12897.xml

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