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Barnacles
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in Cirripedia, a class of marine arthropods, was first piqued by the discovery of an odd burrowing barnacle, which he later named “Mr. Arthrobalanus," while he was…
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- … Discussion Questions | Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in …
- … publications, Darwin dissected, classified, and wrote about barnacles on a daily basis from 1846 to …
- … established him as a man of scientific merit ). Barnacles and speciation Darwin …
- … by comparing barnacle larvae to adults and by comparing barnacles to crustaceans more generally. …
- … - 83) Letters Letter Packet: Darwin's Barnacles Letter …
- … his former servant, Syms Covington, for sending him a box of barnacles from Australia. …
- … Why do you think this barnacle inspired Darwin to study barnacles for eight years? 2. How …
- … reading about and discussing Darwin’s observations of barnacles, the class went to the Harvard …
- … to observe both the prepared barnacle slides and the fresh barnacles specimens under microscopes. …
- … have similar collections. If you are located near a coast, barnacles are easily obtained from ship …
Darwin and barnacles
Summary
In a letter to Henslow in March 1835 Darwin remarked that he had done ‘very little’ in zoology; the ‘only two novelties’ he added, almost as an afterthought, were a new mollusc and a ‘genus in the family Balanidæ’ – a barnacle – but it was an oddity. Who,…
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Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
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- … event, the ‘little zoology’ turned out to be a study of barnacles that spanned eight years and …
- … long-standing debate over the origin of coal deposits, about barnacles and species, and by their …
- … B.’ (letter to Charles Lyell, 3 January 1850 ). Barnacles Over a hundred letters in …
- … had become intrigued with the structure and metamorphoses of barnacles and wished to make additional …
- … in New South Wales, was enlisted to collect Australian barnacles. you will perhaps wish …
- … illustrating the gradual emergence of separate sexes in barnacles: Ibla quadrivalvis and …
- … ‘complemental’ males, as Darwin called them. Other barnacles which possessed two separate sexes …
- … J. S. Henslow, 21 November 1840 ). The sexual relations of barnacles seemed to him to mirror the …
- … I can hardly explain what I mean, & you will perhaps wish my Barnacles & Species theory al …
Begins work on barnacles
Summary
Darwin begins an 8-year taxonomic study of barnacles
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- … Darwin begins an 8-year taxonomic study of barnacles …
Syms Covington
Summary
When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…
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- … assisted Darwin in his work: in 1850 he sent a box of barnacles to London , some collected in …
Living and fossil cirripedia
Summary
Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…
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- … was sent the pedunculate (stalked) and sessile (stalkless) barnacles separately, this would be ‘ …
- … for, while most crustaceans had separate sexes, most barnacles were hermaphrodites. Even more …
- … of taxonomy: naming and synonymy. The issue with respect to barnacles was complex, he confided to …
- … was a necessity for both living and fossil species of barnacles, in the latter there were no soft …
- … differences he had noted in living foms. Although barnacles, formerly classified as molluscs, …
- … Darwin’s attempt to demonstrate the evolution of sessile barnacles from stalked or pedunculate forms …
- … ovigerous frena (folds of skin which hold eggs) in stalked barnacles to the branchiae (respiratory …
- … Ray Society to publish his work on both living and fossil barnacles. He was working on fossil and …
- … September 1854, ‘ My second volume on the everlasting Barnacles is at last published ’. A …
- … works not just in remaining the standard description of barnacles for the next hundred years, but in …
Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia
Summary
Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…
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- … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for …
- … barnacle as a member of the Balanidae, or sessile acorn barnacles, most frequently found attached to …
- … Darwin recognised that it differed greatly from common barnacles. It was perhaps Darwin’s …
- … the metamorphosis of nauplius and cypris larvae into adult barnacles, reinforced (and reinterpreted) …
- … (which I sh^d^ think was the strongest case known.^2^ Barnacles in some sense, eyes & locomotion …
- … it is clear that long before Darwin commenced his study of barnacles, he was intrigued by the …
- … of classification. By the time he took up the study of barnacles, he was familiar with the …
- … that the four terminal crustacean segments were missing in barnacles.^9^ This archetypal cirripede …
- … until he completed the systematic description of the common barnacles (the Lepadidae and Balanidae) …
- … I can hardly explain what I mean, & you will perhaps wish my Barnacles & Species theory al …
- … the Royal Medal for Natural Science— All along of the Barnacles !!! . . . Portlock proposed you …
- … alone, & then, followed such a shout of pæans for the Barnacles that you would have smile to …
Scientific Practice
Summary
Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…
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- … for example, began with detailed correspondence about barnacles. Letter 1514 — Darwin, …
- … of assistance”. The letter is full of observations on barnacles and he would like to meet Hooker in …
- … [1848] Darwin writes to Hooker about his progress with barnacles. He is thinking about his …
- … October mail. He notes that Darwin’s complemental males in barnacles are wonderful. He warns Darwin …
- … about his species work and his barnacle work. He thinks his barnacles are becoming tedious. Careful …
- … but is pleased Darwin took up a difficult group like barnacles. Darwin’s theories have progressed …
- … J. D., 13 June [1850] Darwin writes to Hooker on barnacles and the species theory. He thinks …
Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network
Summary
The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…
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- … natural history. Mr Arthrobalanus - Darwin's work on barnacles It was also Hooker …
Darwin's bad days
Summary
Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:
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- … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
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- … up on personal matters as well as makes progress with barnacles. He describes “supplemental” males …
- … . He mentioned Darwin’s work on complemental males in barnacles is wonderful, but warns Darwin to …
- … BAAS meeting and details of water-cures. He notes that barnacles are becoming tedious; careful …
- … hence was pleased Darwin took up a difficult group like barnacles. Darwin’s theories have progressed …
- … are the first ever done east of Urals. He also talks about barnacles and the species theory, and he …
- … none whatsoever”. He notes that she was right to send the barnacles and gives directions on their …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
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- … 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles ( Darwin's Journal ). …
Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter
Summary
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…
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- … that he had spent nearly eight years classifying barnacles and many years later, in his …
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
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- … had studied extensively for monographs on living and fossil barnacles completed in the early 1850s. …
2.16 Horace Montford statue, Shrewsbury
Summary
< Back to Introduction Horace Montford’s statue of Darwin, installed in his birthplace, Shrewsbury, in 1897, is one of the finest of the commemorative portrayals of him. Up to that time, the only memorial to Darwin in the town was a wall tablet of…
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- … running round the chair appropriately represent corals, barnacles, orchids and other plants and …
First of the barnacle books
Summary
After eight years of research, Darwin publishes Living Cirripedia vol 1, the first of four volumes classifying living and fossil barnacles
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- … 1, the first of four volumes classifying living and fossil barnacles …
Universities
Summary
Letters as a primary source [[{"fid":"493","view_mode":"default","type":"media","link_text":null,"attributes":{"height":600,"width":600,"class…
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- … of the major scientific areas that Darwin worked on. Explore barnacles to earthworms, biogeography …
Thomas Henry Huxley
Summary
Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
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- … of Darwin’s in the early 1850s. Darwin was then at work on barnacles, and he drew on Huxley’s …
From morphology to movement: observation and experiment
Summary
Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…
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- … first extended foray into morphology was his study of barnacles. Although this work resulted in four …
Darwin and religion in America
Summary
Thomas Dixon, 'America’s Difficulty with Darwin', History Today (2009), reproduced by permission. Darwin has not been forgotten. But he has, in some respects, been misremembered. That has certainly been true when it comes to the relationship…
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- … He was driven by a passion for understanding beetles and barnacles, not the Bible. His wife’s …
