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To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   1 April 1881

Summary

Wants Monochaetum flowers for examination as he has forgotten the structure and cannot publish until he has repeated his observations and experiments.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  1 Apr 1881
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: ff. 214–15)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13104

From Marie McElroy   1 April 1881

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Summary

Asks whether blue eyes are peculiar to the human species.

Author:  Mary (Marie) McElroy
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 201: 23
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13105

To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   3 April [1881]

Summary

Thanks for Monochaetum flowers; his old notes have now become intelligible.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  3 Apr [1881]
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: f. 216)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13106

To E. J. Loomis   4 April 1881

Summary

CD is familiar with EJL’s work [on Asplenium movements]; finds Asplenium an unusual case.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Eben Jenks Loomis
Date:  4 Apr 1881
Classmark:  Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Loomis-Wilder Family Papers (MS 496A) Series 2, Box 6, folder 19)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13107

From Frithiof Holmgren   7 April 1881

Summary

Swedish anti-vivisectionists are claiming CD is opposed to animal experiments; Holmgren wishes CD to state his position.

Author:  Frithiof Holmgren
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  7 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 166: 256
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13108

To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   9 April 1881

Summary

About Francis Darwin’s application for election to [Royal] Society.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  9 Apr 1881
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: ff. 218–19)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13109

To R. F. Cooke   10 April 1881

Summary

Asks for quick decision on publication [of Earthworms]. Does not care whether it is published on commission or on usual terms, but wants it published in a hurry. Cannot guess at sales.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Date:  10 Apr 1881
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms. 42152 ff. 383–4)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13110

From Gaston de Saporta   10 April 1881

Summary

Sends GdeS and A. F. Marion, L’évolution du règne végétal. Les cryptogames [1881].

Author:  Louis Charles Joseph Gaston (Gaston) de Saporta, comte de Saporta
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  10 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 177: 38
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13111

From R. F. Cooke   11 April 1881

Summary

Murray’s will be happy to publish [Earthworms] on usual terms of two-thirds profits.

Author:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  11 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 171: 574
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13112

To Fritz Müller   12 April 1881

Summary

Earthworm book with printer.

Has sent FM’s observations on paraheliotropism to Nature ["Movement of leaves", Collected papers 2: 228–9].

Plants with differently coloured anthers.

Intends gathering together his notes on "bloom".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Date:  12 Apr 1881
Classmark:  The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 51)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13113

To R. F. Cooke   12 April 1881

Summary

Agrees that new book [Earthworms] be published on old terms. Hopes it will not fail.

CD is curious to read an essay on evolution by a Hindu, which is being sent to Murray from India.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Date:  12 Apr 1881
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms. 42152 ff. 385–6)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13114

To Frithiof Holmgren   [14] April 1881

Summary

CD gives his opinion on vivisection with the understanding that the whole letter will be published. Worked for Act of Parliament, but disapproves of the one passed. CD convinced English physiologists do not perform cruel experiments.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Frithiof Holmgren
Date:  [14] Apr 1881
Classmark:  Uppsala University Library (Frithiof Holmgren Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13115

From A. S. Wilson   14 April 1881

Summary

Sends his last report on Russian wheat varieties [Gard. Chron. n.s. 15 (1881): 430–2].

Considers which part of grass embryo is the cotyledon.

Author:  Alexander Stephen Wilson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 181: 117
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13116

To Nature   14 April [1881]

Summary

Summarises a letter from Fritz Müller [missing] giving details of leaf movement in Mucuna, Desmodium, and Bauhinia. CD is especially interested in the paraheliotropic movements, which appear to be as common as sleep movements.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Nature
Date:  14 Apr [1881]
Classmark:  Nature, 28 April 1881, pp. 603–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13117

To G. J. Romanes   16 April 1881

Summary

Discusses concept of intelligence in his Earthworms manuscript.

Remarks on GJR’s work on echinoderms.

Comments on Wilhelm Roux [Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus (1881)].

Discusses animal instincts, citing Fabre’s description of sand-wasps.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George John Romanes
Date:  16 Apr 1881
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.587)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13118

To John Lubbock   16 April [1881?]

Summary

Suggests that the pappus of Compositae, when lying on ground, may absorb water which may function in seed germination.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Date:  16 Apr [1881?]
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 49645: 97-8)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13119

From E. L. Zeuschner   16 April 1881

Summary

Sends pamphlet showing that magnetism is the fundamental element by which all is created and maintained.

Author:  Ernst L. Zeuschner
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 184: 8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13120

To A. S. Wilson   16 April 1881

Summary

Obliged for extract from Gardeners’ Chronicle about Russian wheat. "It is a capital instance of one var. gradually beating out another."

Cannot remember where he put G. Henslow’s note [on the cotyledon of grass embryos].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alexander Stephen Wilson
Date:  16 Apr 1881
Classmark:  DAR 148: 372
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13121

From Alexander Agassiz   16 April 1881

Summary

Is mapping coral distribution on the Tortugas reef. His observations on the Florida peninsula suggest that it was built up from the debris of animal remains and was not elevated.

Author:  Alexander Agassiz
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 Apr 1881
Classmark:  G. R. Agassiz ed. 1913, pp. 281–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13122

From G. J. Romanes   17 April 1881

Summary

Looks forward to reading CD’s Earthworms.

Agrees that habits of sand-wasp are determined by natural selection.

Experiment of exposing plants to flashing light gives uncertain result.

Author:  George John Romanes
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Apr 1881
Classmark:  E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 112
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13123
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