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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Ernst Krause1   10 July 1879

Berlin N.O. Friedenstrasse 10. II.

den 10.7.79.

Hochgeehrter Herr!

Ihr gütiges Schreiben vom 7t. und die Druckbogen empfing ich gestern und danke Ihnen für Beides auf das Herzlichste.2 Ich habe Ihre Darstellung in einen Zuge durchgelesen und einen grossen Genuss davon gehabt. Wenn man sich eine Zeit hindurch mit den Lebensumständen einer, wenn auch sonst fernstehenden Person beschäftigt hat, so gewinnt man eine ähnliche Zuneigung und Sympathie für dieselbe, wie sie sonst aus persönlichem Umgange entsteht, und es macht uns eine rein menschliche Freude, immer mehr Einzelnheiten über dieselbe zu erfahren. Da ich annehme, dass es dem weniger interessirten Leser doch, wenn auch im minderen Grade, ähnlich gehen muss, so wäre ich sehr froh, wenn Sie Ihr Vorhaben einiges zu streichen, nicht ausführen wollten. Zwar weiss ich nicht, welche Stellen Sie mit den “trifling passages” meinen, allein ich kann Ihnen versichern, nichts gefunden zu haben, was man nicht in Deutschland mit Behagen lesen würde. Vor Allem wünschte ich, dass Sie dabei nicht an den Brief an Miss Mary Howard gedacht haben möchten; derselbe erscheint mir im höchsten Grade reizend.3

Zu meiner grossen Freude ist es nicht viel, was in den beiden Characterbildern doppelt vorkömmt, und ich glaube jetzt, wenn Sie aus meiner Schilderung alles dasjenige herausstreichen wollten, was Sie in der Einleitung bereits berührt haben, so könnten—durch die besondern Umstände ihrer Entstehung entschuldigt,—recht wohl die beiden biographischen Skizzen in demselben Bande nebeneinander gegeben werden. Die meinige giebt eine kurze Zusammenstellung des Hauptsächlichsten, was bereits veröffentlicht war, die Ihrige Zusätze aus noch nicht benutzten Quellen. Für das Ausland, Frankreich, Amerika, Deutschland würde meine zusammenfassende Lebenskizze kaum entbehrlich sein, und auch für England hätte sie vielleicht eine gewisse Berechtigung, sofern sie ein Zurückgehen auf das Buch von Miss Seward für den gewöhnlichen Leser entbehrlich macht, und so gewissermassen die älteren Biographieen ersetzt, indem sie deren Inhalt resumirt.4 Manche Wendung, wird dem englischen Leser allerdings sonderbar vorkommen, z.B. wenn ich andeute, wer Boulton, Edgeworth u.s.w. waren, allein man wird solcher Wendungen dem Ausländer verzeihen, denn für seine Landsleute und wahrscheinlich auch für Franzosen und Amerikaner dürften sie unerlässlich sein.5

Auch meine Polemik gegen Miss Seward scheint mir durch Ihre höchst nothwendigen Winke über dieselbe, nicht überflüssig gemacht worden zu sein.6 Denn soweit Sie Miss Seward discreditiren, könnte man entgegnen, es geschähe aus Pietät gegen den Grossvater, aber indem ich Walter Scott und andre unbetheiligte Personen in demselben Sinne urtheilend anführe, gewinnt dieses Urtheil eine grössere Objectivität. Sogar der dritte Abschnitt, über die humanitären Bestrebungen Erasmus Darwin’s scheint mir, wenn auch mit einigen Kürzungen nothwendig, falls Sie nicht vorziehen, ihn in die Präliminar-Notiz aufzunehmen, denn dem Ausländer dürfte es unentbehrlich sein z.B. zu erfahren, wie die Satire The loves of the triangles entstanden ist, und ebenso will mir die kleine Wasserfahrts-Anecdote, wegen der prächtigen Rede an die Arbeiter sehr mittheilenswerth erscheinen.7

Ich weiss, hochverehrter Herr, dass Sie mir es gewiss nicht übeldeuten, wenn ich Ihnen meine Auffassung der Sache ganz offen darlege, zumal ich Ihnen ja wiederholt versichert habe, dass ich mit jeder Anordnung, die Sie treffen, vollkommen einverstanden sein werde. Aber ich finde, dass Ihre Präliminar-Notiz gradezu einige weitere Nachrichten voraussetzt. So z.B. sagen Sie über Mrs. Pole gar nichts, und spielen z.B. auf die Wasserfahrt-Geschichte an, ohne Sie zu erzählen.8 Für England wäre das gerechtfertigt, für das Ausland nicht.

Ausserdem hätte ich einen ganz äusserlichen, so zusagen aesthetischen Grund, zu wünschen, dass mein Theil an dem Buche nicht gar zu klein, ich meine zu bogenarm, ausfalle. Es würde nicht gut aussehen, fürchte ich, wenn Ihre Einleitung von 150 Seiten, vor einem Buche von kaum 100 Seiten stünde. Aus diesem Grunde erscheint mir jede räumliche Vermehrung meines Antheils, die sich nicht als blosse Wiederholung darstellt, wünschenswerth. Die wirklichen Wiederholungen werden bereits in der jetztigen Gestalt, kaum mehr als 5–6 Druckseiten betragen, und liessen sich noch erheblich vermindern. Es ist auch nicht dieser Umstand, der besonders ins Gewicht fällt, sondern vielmehr der, dass die Lebensbeschreibung überhaupt zweimal anfängt. Allein, wenn Sie die Bemerkung im Eingange, über die gegenseitige Unbekanntschaft der Verfasser mit der Skizze des Andern stehen liessen, so würde diese Anomatie, glaube ich, von jedem Leser gebilligt und entschuldigt werden.9

Noch möchte ich mir die Frage erlauben, ob ich die corrigirten Druckbogen behalten darf, um sie der Uebersetzung zu Grunde zu legen, oder ob Sie dieselben noch gebrauchen? Im ersteren Falle würde ich Sie bitten, mir die Zusätze über den Ursprung Ihrer Familie gütigst in Abschrift senden zu wollen, im zweiten könnte ich vielleicht die Drucklegung abwarten, und würde dann Mr. Murraÿ bitten, mir jeden Bogen, so wie er fertig wird, zu senden.10

Ich muss noch einige Worte hinzusetzen über einen Artikel, den ich im letzten Hefte des Kosmos veröffentlicht habe, und der Ihnen vielleicht keinen guten Eindruck machen wird. Er betrifft das Buch des Mr. Grant Allen über den Farbensinn.11 Der Verfasser erklärt darin, meine Artikel im Kosmos über die Gladstone-Geiger-Magnus’sche Theorie gelesen zu haben, erwähnt aber mit keiner Sÿlbe, dass ich seine gesammte Auffassung der Sache, schon ein paar Jahre früher dargelegt habe, ja im Gegentheil, er sucht den Schein zu erwecken, als ob diese Theorie in Deutschland fast angenommen wäre.12 Dieses Verfahren empörte mich so sehr, dass ich gleich in der ersten Hitze jenen etwas heftigen Artikel schrieb, und sogleich drucken liess, obwohl ich jetzt Manches anders gesagt zu haben wünschte. Die Sache ist vielleicht des Lärmens nicht werth, aber ich hoffe, Sie sowohl als andre Leser, werden den von mir angeschlagenen Ton entschuldbar finden, wenn Sie erwägen, dass die gesammten Umrisse des Allen’schen Buches in jenen von ihm gekannten Artikeln gegeben waren, deren Inhalt er mit völligem Stillschweigen übergeht. Er hat sich dadurch einem Verdachte ausgesetzt, der niemals hätte ausgesprochen werden können, wenn er nur mit zwei Worten angedeutet hätte, dass in meinen Artikeln dieselben Ansichten dargelegt worden seien, wie in seinem Buche.

In der Hoffnung und mit dem herzlichen Wunsche, dass Sie sich trotz dieses abscheulichen Wetters wohl befinden mögen,13 zeichne ich hochverehrter Herr | Ihr | treulich ergebener | Ernst Krause

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
See letter to Ernst Krause, 7 July 1879. CD had sent proof-sheets of his introductory essay for Erasmus Darwin.
CD included the complete text of Erasmus Darwin’s letter to Mary Howard shortly before their wedding in Erasmus Darwin, pp. 21–4.
Anna Seward’s biography of Erasmus Darwin (Seward 1804) had been strongly criticised by Darwin family members for its inaccuracies (see letters to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 and 19 March 1879).
In the published version of Erasmus Darwin, Matthew Boulton and Richard Lovell Edgeworth were not mentioned in Krause’s section of the book.
Krause’s polemic against Seward does not appear in the published version of Erasmus Darwin.
CD mentioned Scott only once in Erasmus Darwin, p. 91; he quoted from a letter written to Scott by Edgeworth. Krause added a long footnote to the German version, expanding on Scott’s evaluation of Seward (Krause 1880, pp. 195–6). The poem ‘The loves of the triangles’ was a parody of The loves of the plants (E. Darwin 1789–91, pt 2; see Erasmus Darwin, pp. 95–6). The anecdote about the trip down the Trent river and the extemporaneous speech is mentioned in ibid., pp. 58–9.
Erasmus Darwin’s second wife, the former Mrs Elizabeth Pole, is mentioned in Erasmus Darwin, p. 26.
In the published version of Erasmus Darwin, CD’s introductory essay (‘preliminary notice’) was 127 pages long while Krause’s section, revised and retitled ‘The scientific works of Erasmus Darwin’, was 85 pages.
John Murray (1808–92) was CD’s publisher. Krause was planning to make a German translation of Erasmus Darwin (see letter from Ernst Krause, 30 March 1879). In the event, Krause reinstated parts of his text not included in the English edition as well as adding over one hundred pages of notes (see Krause 1880, pp. 75–124, 180–286).
CD had received a copy of Allen’s book The colour-sense: its origin and development: an essay in comparative psychology (G. Allen 1879a) from the author (see letter to Grant Allen, [before 21 February 1879]). Allen’s book was favourably reviewed by Hermann Müller in the July 1879 issue of Kosmos (H. Müller 1879b); the review was followed by an article by Krause, ‘Nachschrift über Ideen-Adoptiv-Väter’ (Postscript on adoptive fathers of ideas; Krause 1879b), in which Krause claimed priority for many of the views expressed in Allen’s book.
See G. Allen 1879a, pp. 81–2; for the reference to Krause 1877a and Krause 1877b, see ibid., p. 82 n. 5. The linguist Lazarus Geiger had suggested that the development of colour-related words was connected to physiological development, and proposed that there were two types of colour words, which he called ‘natural’ and ‘artificial’; artificial words were more recent and were derived from objects, while natural words had developed from extremes (light and dark; see Geiger 1867). The ophthalmologist Hugo Magnus’s work Die geschichtliche Entwickelung des Farbensinnes (The historical development of the colour-sense; Magnus 1877) further developed Geiger’s thesis; Magnus was supported by William Ewart Gladstone (Gladstone 1877). Krause, Allen, and others argued that while languages developed more terms for colours over time, human ability to distinguish colours had not altered. For more on this debate among naturalists, ethnologists, physicists, physicians, and philologists from the late 1870s to early 1880s see Saunders ed. 2007, pp. 7–41.
The year 1879 saw the wettest summer in Europe, particularly in England, since records began in 1750 (Briffa et al. 2009, p. 1897).

Bibliography

Allen, Grant. 1879a. The colour-sense: its origin and development. An essay in comparative psychology. London: Trübner & Co.

Briffa, K. R., et al. 2009. Wet and dry summers in Europe since 1750: evidence of increasing drought. International Journal of Climatology 29: 1894–1905.

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879.

Geiger, Lazarus. 1867. Ueber den Farbensinn der Urzeit und seine Entwickelung. [Read 24 September 1867.] Tageblatt der 41. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Frankfurt am Main (Vorträge) 41: 51–6.

Gladstone, William Ewart. 1877. The colour-sense. Nineteenth Century 2: 366–88.

Krause, Ernst. 1877a. Die Geschichtliche Entwicklung des Farbensinnes. [Essay review of Hugo Magnus’s Die geschichtliche Entwickelung des Farbensinnes.] Kosmos 1: 264–75.

Krause, Ernst. 1877b. Vertheidigung des ablehnenden Standpunktes. Kosmos 1: 428–33.

Krause, Ernst. 1879b. Nachschrift über Ideen-Adoptiv-Väter. Kosmos 5: 319–24.

Krause, Ernst. 1880. Erasmus Darwin und seine Stellung in der Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie von Ernst Krause. Mit seinem Lebens- und Charakterbilde von Charles Darwin. Leipzig: Ernst Günther.

Magnus, Hugo. 1877a. Die geschichtliche Entwickelung des Farbensinnes. Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp.

Müller, Hermann. 1879b. Grant Allen, der Farbensinn, sein Ursprung und seine Entwickelung. [Essay review of The colour-sense: its origin and development. an essay in comparative psychology, by Grant Allen.] Kosmos 5: 308–19.

Saunders, Barbara, ed. 2007. The debate about colour naming in 19th century German philology: selected translations. Translations by Ida-Theresia Marth. Leuven: Leuven University Press.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

Translation

From Ernst Krause1   10 July 1879

Berlin N.O. Friedenstrasse 10. II.

10.7.79.

Highly esteemed Sir!

Yesterday, I received your kind letter of the 7th and the printed sheets and I thank you most cordially for both.2 I read your account in one go and derived great pleasure from it. When one has looked into someone’s circumstances for a time, even an otherwise unconnected person, one develops a fondness and liking for this person, similar to that which otherwise develops from personal acquaintance, and it becomes a purely human pleasure to learn even more details about them. Since I assume that the less interested reader, even if to a lesser degree, must still feel similarly, I would be very glad if you would not carry out your plan to delete some things. To be sure I have no idea which passages you mean by “trifling passages”, but I can assure you that I have found nothing that would not be read with pleasure in Germany. Above all I hope you were not thinking of the letter to Miss Mary Howard; in my view it was charming in the highest degree.3

To my great delight the two character sketches do not duplicate one another much and I now believe that, if you were to strike out from my account everything you have already covered in the introduction, both biographical sketches could very well appear side by side in one volume—excused by the special circumstances of their origin. Mine provides a brief outline of the main material that has been published already, yours additions from sources as yet unused. For foreign countries, France, America, Germany my summarising sketch would hardly be expendable, and even for England it is to some degree justified, insofar as it makes it superfluous for the common reader to consult Miss Seward’s book and thus to a certain extent replaces the older biographies by summarising their content.4 Some phrases will strike the English reader as peculiar, e.g. when I point out who Boulton, Edgeworth etc. were, but a foreigner will be forgiven such phrases, since for his compatriots and very likely also for the French and the Americans they would be obligatory.5

It also does not seem to me as though my polemic against Miss Seward has been rendered superfluous by your most important hints about her.6 For insofar as you discredit Miss Seward it could be replied that this happened out of piety towards your grandfather, but since I quote Walter Scott and other neutral persons who pass identical judgments on her, your assessment acquires greater objectivity. Even the third section, on the humanitarian endeavours of Erasmus Darwin seems to me indispensable, even though it needs cutting, unless you prefer to include it in the preliminary notice, because it will be essential for the foreigner, e.g., in learning how the satire The loves of the triangles came into being, and likewise the little anecdote about a trip on the water seems to me well worth imparting because of the splendid speech to the workers.7

I know, highly respected Sir, that you certainly will not mind if I tell you quite frankly my views on this matter, since I have assured you repeatedly that I will be wholly in agreement with any decision of yours. However, I feel that your preliminary notice presupposes even further information. Thus, e.g., you say nothing at all about Mrs Pole, and you allude to the incident of the trip on the water without narrating it.8 For an English audience this would be justified, but for a foreign one not.

Besides, I have a wholly extraneous, so to speak aesthetic reason for wishing that my portion of the book should not be too small, meaning, too wanting in the number of pages. I fear it would not look well if your introduction of 150 pages were to preface a book of barely 100 pages. For this reason any increase in the length of my portion that is not a mere repetition strikes me as desirable. The actual repetitions in the current form would amount to barely more than 5–6 printed pages and could still be reduced considerably; nor is it this circumstance that is of specific importance, but rather the fact that the biographical account as such starts twice over. However, if you leave in the remark at the beginning, that the authors were not acquainted with each other’s sketches, this anomaly will, I believe, be condoned and excused by every reader.9

I would also like to take the liberty to ask whether I may keep the corrected sheets to use as a basis for the translation, or whether you still need them? If the former were the case I would ask you to kindly send me a copy of the additional remarks on the origins of your family, in the latter case I could perhaps wait for the book to go to press and then ask Mr Murray to send me every sheet as soon as it comes off the press.10

I must also add a few words about the article that I published in the latest issue of Kosmos, and that will perhaps not impress you favourably. It concerns the book by Mr Grant Allen on the sense of colour.11 In it the author announces that he has read my article in Kosmos on the Gladstone-Geiger-Magnus theory, but does not breathe a word about the fact that I had already a number of years ago expounded his entire position on the matter; on the contrary, he tries to create the impression that this theory is almost accepted in Germany.12 This action outraged me so much that in the heat of the moment I at once wrote the somewhat vehement article in question, and let it go to press at once, while now I wish I had stated some things differently. Perhaps this matter is not worth fussing over, but I hope you and other readers will find the tone I struck excusable, when you consider that the entire outline of Allen’s book was provided in the article in question, of which he knew, yet whose content he passed over in complete silence. Thus he has laid himself open to a suspicion that would never have been raised had he indicated with just a couple of words that in my article the same views had been presented as in his book.

In the hope and with the cordial wish that you may be well despite this horrid weather13 I remain highly esteemed Sir | Yours | truly devoted | Ernst Krause

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original German, see Transcript.
See letter to Ernst Krause, 7 July 1879. CD had sent proof-sheets of his introductory essay for Erasmus Darwin.
CD included the complete text of Erasmus Darwin’s letter to Mary Howard shortly before their wedding in Erasmus Darwin, pp. 21–4.
Anna Seward’s biography of Erasmus Darwin (Seward 1804) had been strongly criticised by Darwin family members for its inaccuracies (see letters to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 and 19 March 1879).
In the published version of Erasmus Darwin, Matthew Boulton and Richard Lovell Edgeworth were not mentioned in Krause’s section of the book.
Krause’s polemic against Seward does not appear in the published version of Erasmus Darwin.
CD mentioned Scott only once in Erasmus Darwin, p. 91; he quoted from a letter written to Scott by Edgeworth. Krause added a long footnote to the German version, expanding on Scott’s evaluation of Seward (Krause 1880, pp. 195–6). The poem ‘The loves of the triangles’ was a parody of The loves of the plants (E. Darwin 1789–91, pt 2; see Erasmus Darwin, pp. 95–6). The anecdote about the trip down the Trent river and the extemporaneous speech is mentioned in ibid., pp. 58–9.
Erasmus Darwin’s second wife, the former Mrs Elizabeth Pole, is mentioned in Erasmus Darwin, p. 26.
In the published version of Erasmus Darwin, CD’s introductory essay (‘preliminary notice’) was 127 pages long while Krause’s section, revised and retitled ‘The scientific works of Erasmus Darwin’, was 85 pages.
John Murray (1808–92) was CD’s publisher. Krause was planning to make a German translation of Erasmus Darwin (see letter from Ernst Krause, 30 March 1879). In the event, Krause reinstated parts of his text not included in the English edition as well as adding over one hundred pages of notes (see Krause 1880, pp. 75–124, 180–286).
CD had received a copy of Allen’s book The colour-sense: its origin and development: an essay in comparative psychology (G. Allen 1879a) from the author (see letter to Grant Allen, [before 21 February 1879]). Allen’s book was favourably reviewed by Hermann Müller in the July 1879 issue of Kosmos (H. Müller 1879b); the review was followed by an article by Krause, ‘Nachschrift über Ideen-Adoptiv-Väter’ (Postscript on adoptive fathers of ideas; Krause 1879b), in which Krause claimed priority for many of the views expressed in Allen’s book.
See G. Allen 1879a, pp. 81–2; for the reference to Krause 1877a and Krause 1877b, see ibid., p. 82 n. 5. The linguist Lazarus Geiger had suggested that the development of colour-related words was connected to physiological development, and proposed that there were two types of colour words, which he called ‘natural’ and ‘artificial’; artificial words were more recent and were derived from objects, while natural words had developed from extremes (light and dark; see Geiger 1867). The ophthalmologist Hugo Magnus’s work Die geschichtliche Entwickelung des Farbensinnes (The historical development of the colour-sense; Magnus 1877) further developed Geiger’s thesis; Magnus was supported by William Ewart Gladstone (Gladstone 1877). Krause, Allen, and others argued that while languages developed more terms for colours over time, human ability to distinguish colours had not altered. For more on this debate among naturalists, ethnologists, physicists, physicians, and philologists from the late 1870s to early 1880s see Saunders ed. 2007, pp. 7–41.
The year 1879 saw the wettest summer in Europe, particularly in England, since records began in 1750 (Briffa et al. 2009, p. 1897).

Bibliography

Allen, Grant. 1879a. The colour-sense: its origin and development. An essay in comparative psychology. London: Trübner & Co.

Briffa, K. R., et al. 2009. Wet and dry summers in Europe since 1750: evidence of increasing drought. International Journal of Climatology 29: 1894–1905.

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879.

Geiger, Lazarus. 1867. Ueber den Farbensinn der Urzeit und seine Entwickelung. [Read 24 September 1867.] Tageblatt der 41. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Frankfurt am Main (Vorträge) 41: 51–6.

Gladstone, William Ewart. 1877. The colour-sense. Nineteenth Century 2: 366–88.

Krause, Ernst. 1877a. Die Geschichtliche Entwicklung des Farbensinnes. [Essay review of Hugo Magnus’s Die geschichtliche Entwickelung des Farbensinnes.] Kosmos 1: 264–75.

Krause, Ernst. 1877b. Vertheidigung des ablehnenden Standpunktes. Kosmos 1: 428–33.

Krause, Ernst. 1879b. Nachschrift über Ideen-Adoptiv-Väter. Kosmos 5: 319–24.

Krause, Ernst. 1880. Erasmus Darwin und seine Stellung in der Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie von Ernst Krause. Mit seinem Lebens- und Charakterbilde von Charles Darwin. Leipzig: Ernst Günther.

Magnus, Hugo. 1877a. Die geschichtliche Entwickelung des Farbensinnes. Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp.

Müller, Hermann. 1879b. Grant Allen, der Farbensinn, sein Ursprung und seine Entwickelung. [Essay review of The colour-sense: its origin and development. an essay in comparative psychology, by Grant Allen.] Kosmos 5: 308–19.

Saunders, Barbara, ed. 2007. The debate about colour naming in 19th century German philology: selected translations. Translations by Ida-Theresia Marth. Leuven: Leuven University Press.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

Summary

Has received printed sheets from CD. Hopes CD does not intend to delete anything. EK comments on value of his own sketch for Erasmus Darwin.

Hopes CD can excuse article he wrote in response to a review of Grant Allen’s book [The colour-sense (1879)].

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12143
From
Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Berlin
Source of text
DAR 92: B31–2
Physical description
ALS 4pp (German)

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12143,” accessed on 23 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12143.xml

letter