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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Ernst Krause1   5 May 1879

Berlin N.O. Friedenstrasse 10. II.

den 5.5.79.

Hochgeehrter Herr!

Es war mir sehr schmerzlich, meinem Versprechen, Ihnen das beiliegende Manuscript eher zu schicken, nicht nachkommen zu können, da mich das ungewöhnlich kalte Frühjahrswetter dieses Jahres mittelst einer tüchtigen Erkältung vierzehn Tage arbeitsunfähig gemacht hatte.2 Ich bitte Sie, diese Verzögerung freundlichst entschuldigen zu wollen, die Fortsetzung hoffe ich nun schneller liefern zu können. Das beifolgende Manuscript enthält nämlich nur die Einleitung, eine kurze Lebensskizze und eine Betrachtung der philanthropischen Verdienste des Dr. E. Darwin; es fehlt noch die Analÿse der poetischen und wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten desselben, die ich ebenfalls etwas zu erweitern wünschte. Es liegt mir dabei besonders daran, ihn von dem an vielen Stellen ihm gemachten Vorwurfe zu reinigen, er sei ein blosser Nachahmer von Sir Richard Blackmore oder Brooke: ich habe deren in Betracht kommende Werke nun gelesen und kann daraufhin bestimmt sagen, dass davon keine Rede sein kann.3

In der Lebensbeschreibung habe ich freilich nicht viel mehr geben können, als was ich in den Werken von Miss. Seward u. Dr. Dowson vorfand, aber einige Bemerkungen im Jahrgange 1802 des Gentleman’s Magazine und Anderes dienten zur Ergänzung. Auch den Widerruf der Miss. Seward habe ich noch glücklich gefunden; er steht in dem vierten Bande des Jahrgangs 1806 der Edinburgh Review.4 Über Miss. Seward selbst fand ich einige sehr interessante Urtheile in Lockhardt’s Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott, die sehr geeignet sind, die Unzuverlässigkeit ihrer Nachrichten zu illustriren.5 Ich habe deshalb eine kleine Einleitung hinzugefügt, und darin die Quellen über das Leben des Dr. E. D. zu charakterisiren.6

Obwohl nun die neue Lebensbeschreibung nicht viel Neues bringt, so finde ich doch, dass sie durch eine bessere Gruppirung der einzelnen Daten ganz erheblich an Wirkung gewinnt; nicht allein das Buch der Miss. Seward, sondern auch die kleine Schrift von Dr. Dowson geben ihre Nachrichten so bunt durcheinander, dass sie keinen Genuss bei der Lecture aufkommen lassen. Mein Manuscript wird nun im Ganzen etwa 100 Octavseiten Druck umfassen; eine Veröffentlichung in einer Review wird dann allerdings wohl ausgeschlossen sein. Ich bitte Sie nun, hochverehrter Herr, vor Allem, dass Sie mein Manuscript nur wie eine Vorlage ansehen wollen, und daran ändern, was Ihnen falsch oder nur irgendwie bedenklich erscheint. Im Nachfolgenden möchte ich mir erlauben, Ihnen einige solcher Punkte namhaft zu machen, die mir zweifelhaft geblieben sind, und die mir der Ergänzung bedürftig erscheinen.

1. Wann wurde Dr. Darwin mit Watt, Boulton u. Edgeworth bekannt?7

2. Wohnte Edgeworth, ehe er nach Irland übersiedelte, in der Nähe von Lichfield?8

3. Wer waren die mehrfach von Dr. Dowson citirten Mr. Galton und Mrs. Schimmelpenninck?9

4. Zu welcher Zeit kaufte Dr. Darwin die Priorei bei Derby?10

5. War Dr. Darwin durch seine erste Frau mit dem Philanthropen John Howard verwandt?11

6. War Dr. D.’s Vater ein Gelehrter, Gutsbesitzer, ?12

7. Wie ist sein Sohn, Sir Francis D. zu dem Adelstitel gekommen?13

8. Möchte ich mir die Anfrage erlauben, ob Ihnen über die Herkunft Ihrer Familie oder des Familiennamens etwas Positives bekannt ist? Im Gentleman’s Magazine finde ich (Vol. LXXII.II p 653) ein Gedicht von Mr Rainsfold auf den Tod von Dr. E. D. abgedruckt, in welchem in den Namen Darwin, Derwent offenbar Beziehungen vorausgesetzt werden.14 Nun sagt mir ein Sprachkundiger Freund die Sylbe Der, Dar sei keltisch und heisse Wasser, die Sylbe wen, went sei normännischen (dänischen) Ursprungs und heisse ebenfalls das Wasser, der Fluss, und er vermuthe, Ihre Familie müsse aus Wales stammen. Dabei ist mir der Ortsnamen Darwen in Lankastershire15 aufgefallen, und der Umstand, dass die Ortschaft, in welcher Edgeworth seinen Wohnsitz hatte Edgeworthstown heisst, gab mir die Idee, dass es mit Darwen und Darwin ähnlich sein könnte.

Ich erschrecke, Sie mit solchen Fragen zu quälen. Nehmen Sie, bitte, dieselben lieber für ungethan. Da Sie einige Briefe von Dr. E. D. mitzutheilen beabsichtigen, was höchlichst das Interesse der kleinen Schrift erhöhen würde, so habe ich Ihrem Plane wahrscheinlich vorgegriffen, indem ich den Brief, welchen Dr. D. eine Stunde vor seinem Tode an Mr. Edgeworth schrieb, in die Lebensbeschreibung aufnahm. Es schien mir dies deshalb passend, weil ich vorher den Bericht des G.’s Magaz., über seine letzten Lebensstunden, der von einem Verwandten oder Hausfreunde herzurühren scheint, wiedergegeben hatte, so dass die Ausführlichkeit an dieser Stelle motivirt erscheint. Wenn Sie den Brief aber lieber in dem Zusammenhange der übrigen geben wollen, so kann an jener Stelle leicht ein Hinweis auf die Sammlung eingeschaltet werden.16

Ebenso habe ich die mir zugänglichen kurzen Notizen über die drei Söhne Charles, Erasmus und Robert, eigentlich nur in der Voraussetzung hinzugefügt, dass Sie dieselben vielleicht durch ausführlichere Nachrichten ersetzen würden.17

Während ich eben im Begriffe war, diese gestern angefangenen Zeilen zu schliessen, traf Ihr freundliches Schreiben vom 2n. Mai ein, woraus ich ersehe, dass Sie Ihre Erholungsreise morgen antreten wollen. Von ganzem Herzen wünsche ich Ihnen das angenehmste Wetter und einen guten erfrischenden Aufenthalt. Ich werde nun das Manuscript Ihrem Wunsche gemäss, noch heute direct an Herrn Dallas senden und ihn in Ihrem Namen bitten, sobald es seine Zeit erlaubt, mit der Uebersetzung zu beginnen.18 Er wird keine grosse Mühe haben, da ich alle Ausführungen aus Miss. Seward, Dr. Dowson, Mr. Edgeworth, Lockhardt u. A. englisch copirt habe. Für die Analyse von Dr. D.’s Werken dürfte es wohl am einfachsten sein, wenn der Drucker einfach die Belagstellen aus der Zoonomia, dem Botanic Garden us.w. als Vorlagen erhielte?19 So sehr ich mich allezeit freue, wenn ich von Ihnen einige Zeilen erhalte möchte ich Sie doch bitten, Ihre kurze Erholungszeit nicht durch Correspondenz zu beeinträchtigen; es wäre mir viel erfreulicher, nachträglich von Ihnen zu erfahren, dass Sie mit dem Erfolge der Arbeitsunterbrechung vollkommen zufrieden zu sein, Ursache haben.20

Inzwischen zeichne ich, hochverehrter Herr, mit den herzlichsten Grüssen und Wünschen | Ihr | treulich ergebenster | Ernst Krause

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
CD evidently thought Krause was closer to finishing his revisions to his account of Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) than he was (see letter to Ernst Krause, 2 May 1879).
Erasmus Darwin’s philosophical poetry was said to have been inspired by Henry Brooke’s poem ‘Universal beauty’, which, in turn, was thought to imitate Richard Blackmore’s physico-theological poem ‘Creation’ (Hunt et al. 1806–7, 1: 215). CD had offered to look at Brooke’s poem for Krause (letter to Ernst Krause, 2 April 1879 and n. 4).
CD had sent Krause a copy of John Dowson’s lecture on Erasmus Darwin (Dowson 1861; letter from Ernst Krause, 24 March 1879). Anna Seward later retracted some of the comments she made in her memoir of Erasmus Darwin (Seward 1804). The retraction appeared in a footnote to the essay review of her book in the Edinburgh Review ([T. Thomson] 1804, pp. 236–7 n.). An obituary of Erasmus Darwin was published in the Gentleman’s Magazine, May 1802, pp. 473–4.
John Gibson Lockhart included several references to Anna Seward in the first two volumes of his seven-volume memoir of Walter Scott (Lockhart 1837–8).
This plan was abandoned in the final version of Erasmus Darwin.
Edgeworth often visited Lichfield for periods of time but he did not live there (R. L. Edgeworth and Edgeworth 1820, 1: 111, 162, 165, 184, 204, 240, 247, 255–6, 325–6).
Samuel Galton and his daughter Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck are referred to in Dowson 1861 on p. 47, and pp. 16, 23, 47, 52, respectively.
Erasmus Darwin had inherited Breadsall Priory after the death of his son Erasmus in 1799, but did not move in until March 1802, just a month before his own death (King-Hele 1999, pp. 330, 341).
John Howard was not related to Mary Darwin, née Howard. Erasmus Darwin had expressed his admiration of John Howard in his poem The botanic garden (E. Darwin 1789–91, pt. 1: 105, pt. 2: 89–90).
Francis Sacheverel Darwin was knighted in 1820.
Marcus Rainsford’s ‘Lines, on the death of the late truly benevolent and great Doctor Darwin, of Derby’ in the Gentleman’s Magazine, July 1802, p. 653, referred to the Darwent (also known as the Derwent) in Derbyshire, on the banks of which river he had spent many happy hours (ibid., p. 653 n.).
Darwen is a market town in Lancashire.
In Krause 1879a, p. 399, Krause had quoted the statement that Erasmus Darwin’s death was peaceful and painless, as stated in the obituary in the Gentleman’s Magazine, May 1802, p. 473. In Erasmus Darwin, Krause made no reference to the letter from Erasmus Darwin to Edgeworth; CD referred to it on p. 62.
See letter to Ernst Krause, 2 May 1879. William Sweetland Dallas had agreed to translate Krause’s account of Erasmus Darwin.
CD was on holiday from 6 to 26 May 1879 (see letter to Ernst Krause, 2 May 1879).

Bibliography

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Darwin, Erasmus. 1794–6. Zoonomia; or, the laws of organic life. 2 vols. London: J. Johnson.

Dowson, John. 1861. Erasmus Darwin: philosopher, poet, and physician. A lecture to the Literary and Philosophical Society of Whitby. London: H. K. Lewis.

Edgeworth, Richard Lovell and Edgeworth, Maria. 1820. Memoirs of Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. begun by himself and concluded by his daughter, Maria Edgeworth. 2 vols. London: R. Hunter; Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879.

Hunt, Leigh, et al. 1806–7. Classic tales, serious and lively: with critical essays on the merits and reputation of the authors. 5 vols. London: John Hunt & Carew Reynell.

King-Hele, Desmond. 1999. Erasmus Darwin. A life of unequalled achievement. London: Giles de la Mare Publishers.

Krause, Ernst. 1879a. Erasmus Darwin, der Großvater und Vorkämpfer Charles Darwin’s: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie. Kosmos 4 (1878–9): 397–424.

Lockhart, J. G. 1837–8. Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 7 vols. Edinburgh: Robert Cadell. London: John Murray and Whittaker and Co.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

[Thomson, Thomas.] 1804. [Review of Memoirs of the life of Dr Darwin by Anna Seward.] Edinburgh Review 4: 230–41.

Translation

From Ernst Krause1   5 May 1879

Berlin N.O. Friedenstrasse 10. II.

5.5.79.

Highly esteemed Sir!

It was very painful for me to have been unable to fulfil my promise to send you the enclosed manuscript sooner, for the unusually cold weather this spring rendered me unfit for work with a severe cold for a fortnight.2 I beg you to kindly excuse this delay and I hope to be able to deliver the next instalment more promptly. You see, the enclosed manuscript contains only the introduction, a brief biographical sketch and an account of Dr E. Darwin’s services to philanthropy; still missing is the analysis of his poetic and scientific work, which I also desired to expand somewhat. In this I am especially concerned to clear him of the allegation against him made in many places, that he was merely an imitator of Sir Richard Blackmore or Brooke: by now I have read the works in question and as a result I can definitely say that there can be no question of this.3

In the biographical sketch I was of course unable to supply much more than what I found in the works of Miss Seward & Dr Dowson, but a number of remarks in the Gentleman’s Magazine of 1802 and other sources supplied further information. The retraction of Miss Seward I found in the end, too; it is in the fourth volume of the Edinburgh Review for 1806.4 I found a number of interesting assessments of Miss Seward herself in Lockhardt’s Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott, which are very suited to illustrate how unreliable her reports are.5 I therefore added a small introduction, to characterise the sources for the life of Dr E. D.6

Although the new biographical portrait does not offer much that is new, I still think that it gains considerably in effect as a result of a better structuring of the details themselves. Not only in Miss Seward’s book, but also in the small piece by Dr Dowson the facts are presented in such a complete jumble that neither are a joy to read. My manuscript will comprise in all around 100 octavo pages; publication in a review will thus be out of the question. I beg you, most esteemed Sir, above all to treat my manuscript as just a draft and to alter in it what seems false or in any way questionable to you. In what follows I would like to list for your attention a number of such details that have remained dubious to me, and which appear to me to be in need of sorting out.

1. When did Dr Darwin make the acquaintance of Watt, Boulton & Edgeworth?7

2. Before he moved to Ireland, did Edgeworth live near Lichfield?8

3. Who were Mr Galton and Mrs Schimmelpenninck whom Dr Dowson mentioned several times?9

4. Around what time did Dr Darwin acquire the priory near Derby?10

5. Was Dr Darwin related to the philanthropist John Howard through his first wife?11

6. Was Dr D.’s father a scholar, landowner?12

7. How did his son, Sir Francis D., acquire his title?13

8. I should like to inquire whether anything definite is known about the origin of your family or the family name? In the Gentleman’s Magazine (Vol. LXXII.II p 653) I found a poem by Mr Rainsfold on the occasion of the death of Dr E. D., which apparently assumes there to be a connection between the names Darwin and Derwent.14 Now, a linguistically proficient friend tells me that the syllable Der, Dar is Celtic and means water, the syllable wen, went is of Norman (Danish) origin and also means water, the river, and he guesses that your family must be from Wales. Yet, I was struck by the place name Darwen in Lankastershire,15 and the fact that the place where Edgeworth had his residence is called Edgeworthstown gave me the idea that it could be similar with Darwen and Darwin.

I am frightened to bother you with such questions. Please, rather consider these unasked. As you are planning to communicate a number of letters by Dr E. D., which would dramatically increase the interest in the booklet, I have very likely anticipated your plan by including in my biographical sketch the letter which Dr D. wrote to Mr Edgeworth an hour before his death. This seemed appropriate as I had previously recounted the report of G.’s Magaz. about his last hours, which appears to come from a relative or friend of the family, so that the fullness of detail at this point seems justified. Should you however prefer this letter to appear together with the others, a reference to the collection could easily be inserted at this point.16

Likewise, I inserted the brief notes I had access to about the three sons Charles, Erasmus and Robert only on the assumption that you will perhaps replace them with more detailed accounts.17

While I was just about to conclude these lines, which I began yesterday, your kind letter of 2d May arrived, from which I gather that you intend to embark on your holiday tomorrow. With all my heart I wish you the most agreeable weather and a nice, refreshing stay. I will send the manuscript, in accordance with your wishes, directly to Mr Dallas this very day and I shall ask him in your name to begin with the translation as soon as he has time.18 He won’t have great trouble with it, for I copied out all the remarks from Miss Seward, Dr Dowson, Mr Edgeworth, Lockhardt and others in English. For the analysis of Dr D.’s works it would be easiest, I daresay, if the printer were simply to receive the references from Zoonomia, the Botanical Garden etc. as a source?19 Though I am always delighted to receive a few lines from you, I would like to implore you not to spoil your brief holiday with correspondence; I would be happier to find out later that you have reason to be fully satisfied with the success of your rest.20

In the meantime, highly esteemed Sir, I remain with the most cordial greetings and wishes | Yours | truly devoted | Ernst Krause

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original German, see Transcript.
CD evidently thought Krause was closer to finishing his revisions to his account of Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) than he was (see letter to Ernst Krause, 2 May 1879).
Erasmus Darwin’s philosophical poetry was said to have been inspired by Henry Brooke’s poem ‘Universal beauty’, which, in turn, was thought to imitate Richard Blackmore’s physico-theological poem ‘Creation’ (Hunt et al. 1806–7, 1: 215). CD had offered to look at Brooke’s poem for Krause (letter to Ernst Krause, 2 April 1879 and n. 4).
CD had sent Krause a copy of John Dowson’s lecture on Erasmus Darwin (Dowson 1861; letter from Ernst Krause, 24 March 1879). Anna Seward later retracted some of the comments she made in her memoir of Erasmus Darwin (Seward 1804). The retraction appeared in a footnote to the essay review of her book in the Edinburgh Review ([T. Thomson] 1804, pp. 236–7 n.). An obituary of Erasmus Darwin was published in the Gentleman’s Magazine, May 1802, pp. 473–4.
John Gibson Lockhart included several references to Anna Seward in the first two volumes of his seven-volume memoir of Walter Scott (Lockhart 1837–8).
This plan was abandoned in the final version of Erasmus Darwin.
Edgeworth often visited Lichfield for periods of time but he did not live there (R. L. Edgeworth and Edgeworth 1820, 1: 111, 162, 165, 184, 204, 240, 247, 255–6, 325–6).
Samuel Galton and his daughter Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck are referred to in Dowson 1861 on p. 47, and pp. 16, 23, 47, 52, respectively.
Erasmus Darwin had inherited Breadsall Priory after the death of his son Erasmus in 1799, but did not move in until March 1802, just a month before his own death (King-Hele 1999, pp. 330, 341).
John Howard was not related to Mary Darwin, née Howard. Erasmus Darwin had expressed his admiration of John Howard in his poem The botanic garden (E. Darwin 1789–91, pt. 1: 105, pt. 2: 89–90).
Francis Sacheverel Darwin was knighted in 1820.
Marcus Rainsford’s ‘Lines, on the death of the late truly benevolent and great Doctor Darwin, of Derby’ in the Gentleman’s Magazine, July 1802, p. 653, referred to the Darwent (also known as the Derwent) in Derbyshire, on the banks of which river he had spent many happy hours (ibid., p. 653 n.).
Darwen is a market town in Lancashire.
In Krause 1879a, p. 399, Krause had quoted the statement that Erasmus Darwin’s death was peaceful and painless, as stated in the obituary in the Gentleman’s Magazine, May 1802, p. 473. In Erasmus Darwin, Krause made no reference to the letter from Erasmus Darwin to Edgeworth; CD referred to it on p. 62.
See letter to Ernst Krause, 2 May 1879. William Sweetland Dallas had agreed to translate Krause’s account of Erasmus Darwin.
CD was on holiday from 6 to 26 May 1879 (see letter to Ernst Krause, 2 May 1879).

Bibliography

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Darwin, Erasmus. 1794–6. Zoonomia; or, the laws of organic life. 2 vols. London: J. Johnson.

Dowson, John. 1861. Erasmus Darwin: philosopher, poet, and physician. A lecture to the Literary and Philosophical Society of Whitby. London: H. K. Lewis.

Edgeworth, Richard Lovell and Edgeworth, Maria. 1820. Memoirs of Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. begun by himself and concluded by his daughter, Maria Edgeworth. 2 vols. London: R. Hunter; Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879.

Hunt, Leigh, et al. 1806–7. Classic tales, serious and lively: with critical essays on the merits and reputation of the authors. 5 vols. London: John Hunt & Carew Reynell.

King-Hele, Desmond. 1999. Erasmus Darwin. A life of unequalled achievement. London: Giles de la Mare Publishers.

Krause, Ernst. 1879a. Erasmus Darwin, der Großvater und Vorkämpfer Charles Darwin’s: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie. Kosmos 4 (1878–9): 397–424.

Lockhart, J. G. 1837–8. Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 7 vols. Edinburgh: Robert Cadell. London: John Murray and Whittaker and Co.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

[Thomson, Thomas.] 1804. [Review of Memoirs of the life of Dr Darwin by Anna Seward.] Edinburgh Review 4: 230–41.

Summary

Sends first part of MS of Erasmus Darwin.

Has found useful criticism of Anna Seward in J. G. Lockhart’s Life of Sir Walter Scott.

CD should regard MS as a draft and correct anything that seems incorrect or questionable. Asks biographical questions about Dr Darwin. Can CD give information about origin of family name?

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12032
From
Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Berlin
Source of text
DAR 92: B22–3
Physical description
ALS 4pp (German)

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12032,” accessed on 16 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12032.xml

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