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Darwin Correspondence Project

To A. G. Dew-Smith   19 October [1873]1

Down, | Beckenham, Kent.

Oct 19th.

Dear Sir

As one of my sons is going to Cambridge tomorrow, I have thought it worth while to send a plant of Dionæa, (which cd. not be packed safely for Railway carriage) to you for the chance of your being still willing to investigate any change of temperature in it when in action.—2 The pot had better stand in 14 of an inch of water in saucer—: it ought to be in the light & in warm room. There are only 2 leaves fit for action (marked with red wool), & these will probably be closed by the jars incident on travelling. When a leaf closes on no object it does not generally open for 12o to 24o. If it closes over a large fly or meat it remains shut for several days, & is never active again. I doubt whether a cut-off leaf standing in water will reopen; but I have never tried this. It might close from the act of cutting off. The two active leaves have terribly short foot-stalks. It is scarcely possible at this season to procure better plants.

If possible, I wd strongly recommend the following trial, viz to compare the temp. of 2 leaves whilst still on the plant, & I suppose they wd. necessarily be almost the same, & then to make one close by dropping or placing on the surface a bit of roast meat, or a large crushed fly, & observe whether the temp. changes.— But the point which seems to me the most interesting wd be to observe after about 18o to 24o, when the closed surfaces of the leaf are still actively pressed together, & are copiously secreting & at the same time absorbing, whether the temp. does not rise. So much vital action ought,, I shd. think, to produce this result.3 I wish with all my heart the plant was a better one; but I have given away all my best specimens for B. Sanderson’s electrical experiments, which have proved so wonderful.—4

Dear Sir, Yours faithfully   Ch. Darwin

Footnotes

The year is established by the reference to John Scott Burdon Sanderson’s electrical experiments on Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap), which were made in 1873 (see n. 4, below).
The son in question was probably Horace Darwin, who was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, like Dew-Smith. CD was working on Dionaea muscipula and other insectivorous plants; he had also asked Burdon Sanderson to investigate changes in temperature in the plant (letter to J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 9 September [1873]).
Dew-Smith is not credited for any information in Insectivorous plants, and CD did not write about temperature changes within the plants. There is no further extant correspondence between Dew-Smith and CD on this subject. Dew-Smith later wrote to Horace: When I left Cambridge you were “down” so that I could not talk to you about the Dionoea plant your father kindly sent for me. I left it in the care of Mudd the Botanic Garden Curator & hope to be able to restore it in the spring uninjured. (Letter from A. G. Dew-Smith to Horace Darwin, [30 December 1873] (DAR 258: 1302). William Mudd was the curator of the Botanic Garden at Cambridge.)
Burdon Sanderson had discovered that the electrical current in the blade and footstalk of Dionaea was disturbed when the leaf was irritated in the same way as the electrical current in the muscle of an animal was disturbed during contraction (see Insectivorous plants, pp. 308, 318, and Burdon Sanderson 1874).

Bibliography

Insectivorous plants. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1875.

Summary

Sends Dionaea plant for experiment involving temperature.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-9101
From
Charles Robert Darwin
To
Albert George Dew-Smith
Sent from
Down
Source of text
American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.434)
Physical description
ALS 4pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 9101,” accessed on 20 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-9101.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 21

letter