The Flora of Porto S^to. may be stated at from 270 to 280 species (indig^s. and perfectly naturalized).³

Of these, 7 or 8 are certainly, and one or 2 others doubtfully endemic—the doubt arising from difficulty of ascertaining identity of species— 3 or 4 of the 7 or 8 are sufficiently striking and abundantly growing plants. 2 or 3 represent Madⁿ. endemic sp: 2 or 3 are more of the nature of “weeds”.

Of plants common to P^o S^o & Mad: but not hitherto found elsewhere, there are 20 or 21, perfectly certain, and 3 others doubtful.

Again, of plants common to P^o S^o. and other countries (mainland) of Europe, but not found at all in Mad^a. there are 25 certain & 4 doubtful.

Lastly, of plants common to P^o S^o. and other countries (mainland) of Europe, but very rare in Mad^a. there are 6, to which may perhaps be added 2, which are indeed only at this day occasional garden plants in Mad^a., whence they were introduced in 1834, into P^o. S^o. which they have now completely overspread! One of these is a Tamarix, (T. orientalis L.?); and the other is the Hottentot Fig, (Mesembryanthemum edule L.)

Of classes 3 & 4, almost all are common European “weeds”, proving of course little any way. And let me add, that the very peculiar nature of the soil & climate of P^o. S^o. as compared with Mad^a accounts of itself in great measure for the very different character & aspect generally of the vegetation in the 2 Islands. Many plants common in one Island, can not be made by any efforts to grow in the other.

This may be useful as a caution against attributing too much in this particular case to other possible modifying general causes or influences.

Hooker has I think considerably underrated the number of good endemic species in Madeira,⁴ which exclusive entirely of P^o. S^tan & Dez^tan plants will be found I think rather to exceed than fall short of 100. But it would take a good deal more time & research than I can just now afford to speak positively & with accuracy on this head.

There are very many common endemic species in Madeira not occurring in P^o. S^o.

In the Dezertas there are 3 very remarkable endemic common plants, one forming a new genus of Umbelliferae;⁵ another a new genus of Gramineae;⁶ the 3^d a new shrubby Chrysanthemum, representing C. pinnatifidum L. fil. of Mad^a..⁷

There is no freshwater fish in P^o S^o (as in Mad^a) but the Eel (Ang. latirostris Yarr.) I believe Wollaston & I caught one ourselves in a puddle last spring.