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Origin
Summary
Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…
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- … was able to tell Darwin ‘ you overrate the extent of my opposition to your method. My great desire …
- … claiming in his defence that he had become so used to ‘opposition & even contempt’ that he …
1879 Letters now online
Summary
In 1879, Darwin continued his research on movement in plants and researched, wrote, and published a short biography of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin as an introduction to a translation of an essay by Ernst Krause on Erasmus’s scientific work. Darwin’s son…
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- … Henry Farrer, in October, after Farrer had given up his opposition to the match between his daughter …
From morphology to movement: observation and experiment
Summary
Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…
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- … Organismen . Morphology was conceived to a large extent in opposition to static Linnaean taxonomy, …
Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
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- … that both you & your theories have outlived the fierce opposition that was made to them when …
Thomas Henry Huxley
Summary
Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
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- … to the Linnean Society in 1858. Despite his previous opposition to transmutation, and despite …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
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- … Now this leads me to make a very audacious remark in opposition to what I imagine Hooker has been …
- … Selection’ and provokes strong reactions in favour and in opposition. Gray and Hooker establish …
- … dear Gray…. Your article [on Origin] has greatly mollified opposition to my Book. GRAY: A …
Origin is 160; Darwin's 1875 letters now online
Summary
To mark the 160th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species, the full transcripts and footnotes of nearly 650 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1875 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1875…
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- … a winter reading room for working men, despite Ffinden’s opposition, and that a temperance society …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
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- … viper’, Darwin wrote a letter to the Athenæum in opposition to Owen’s review, in which he sought …
- … that Owen, a member of the council, had placed Sedgwick in opposition to him ( see letter to J. D. …
Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies
Summary
The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…
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- … and the Scottish divine Gilbert Rorison published tracts in opposition to Darwin’s theory. …
- … than the younger generation. Even religiously motivated opposition to his views was dying down, in …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
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- … demonstrated that Orchids had ‘nearly overcome his opposition to the Origin ’ ( letter from …
- … of the council of the Geological Society, and there was opposition to its publication. Ramsay wanted …
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Summary
The 1400 letters exchanged between Darwin and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) account for around 10% of Darwin’s surviving correspondence and provide a structure within which all the other letters can be explored. They are a connecting thread that spans…
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- … ); Darwin’s views were chiefly coloured by his staunch opposition to slavery. The letter in …
Robert FitzRoy
Summary
Robert FitzRoy was captain of HMS Beagle when Darwin was aboard. From 1831 to 1836 the two men lived in the closest proximity, their relationship revealed by the letters they exchanged while Darwin left the ship to explore the countries visited during the…
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- … unscientific. Others were dismayed by FitzRoy’s opposition to Darwin’s theory of evolution. In 1866, …
Darwin and religion in America
Summary
Thomas Dixon, 'America’s Difficulty with Darwin', History Today (2009), reproduced by permission. Darwin has not been forgotten. But he has, in some respects, been misremembered. That has certainly been true when it comes to the relationship…
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- … to a deep cultural divide. The Court was acting in direct opposition to the wishes of that large …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
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- … was settled by a ‘splendid majority’, despite rumours of opposition that had caused some of Darwin’s …
- … Sabine’s power on the Council of the Royal Society and his opposition to Origin had already …
Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin
Summary
The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…
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- … and other collections of the museum and signed a memorial in opposition. Then, when he was convinced …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
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- … Monthly . Although intended to counter the powerful opposition to Origin in America by Louis …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
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- … of evolution in schools. Haeckel’s speech provoked opposition from the eminent physician Rudolf …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
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- … his attempts to join the Athenaeum Club, probably because of opposition from Darwin’s supporters, …
Interview with John Hedley Brooke
Summary
John Hedley Brooke is President of the Science and Religion Forum as well as the author of the influential Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 1991). He has had a long career in the history of science and…
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- … Huxley refers to theology as a science, so despite his opposition to it? that use of language is …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
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- … Ernst Haeckel, to moderate his public attacks on the opposition. Darwin’s German translator, Julius …
