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Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 1 hits

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … see that highness does not depend on perfection & number of organs, but on development. B. All …
  • … Brullé argued that the most complex and characteristic organs in a group were the first to develop, …
  • … homology of parts in related organisms, the loss of useless organs (e.g., the abdominal segments and …
  • … are developed, the fourteen succeeding segments being rudimentary, in Proteolepas . . . these …
  • … They performed a significant role in the larva as organs of locomotion and touch and in the adult as …
  • … for Darwin’s monograph comes from his description of the organs which served to transform a …
  • … and with Darwin’s understanding of how pre-existing organs could become modified to fulfill a new …
  • … discovered in the genus Ibla a species in which small, rudimentary males were found parasitic on …
  • … parasites, I now can show, are supplemental males, the male organs in the hermaphrodite being …
  • … by insensibly small stages, & here we have it, for the male organs in the hermaphrodite are …
  • … fact, that in one of its stages its mouth is altogether rudimentary, and perfectly closed up by the …
  • … had been previously shown in Balanids,—the presence too of organs seemingly intended for hearing and …
  • … Kingdom: the male flowers, moreover, are sometimes in a rudimentary condition compared to the …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … that the amount of change which the various parts and organs undergo in their development from the …
  • … with more truth, look at the plants which have their several organs much modified and somewhat …
  • … at the differentiation and specialisation of the several organs of each being, when adult (and this …
  • … for all physiologists admit that the specialisation of organs, inasmuch as they perform in this …
  • … to fit an organic being to a situation in which several organs would be superfluous and useless; and …
  • … of a lens or any other optical mechanism. From this rudimentary eye which can distinguish light from …
  • … compound eyes, unprovided with a concentrating apparatus and organs of vision with such an apparatus …
  • … We have also seen that, as the specialisation of parts or organs is an advantage to each being, so …
  • … life, as well as by the standard of the specialisation of organs, modern forms ought, on the theory …

Essay: Evolutionary teleology

Summary

—by Asa Gray EVOLUTIONARY TELEOLOGY When Cuvier spoke of the ‘combination of organs in such order that they may be in consistence with the part which the animal has to play in Nature,’ his opponent, Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, rejoined, ‘I know nothing of…

Matches: 15 hits

  • … When Cuvier spoke of the ‘ combination of organs in such order that they may be in consistence with …
  • … to the most diverse uses, while intrinsically different organs subserved identical functions, and …
  • … provision, waste of resources, or functionless condition of organs; but it is refreshingly new to …
  • … to have it as that he was designed to have the faculties and organs which he possesses. He notes …
  • … and utility are the marks of design. What, then, are organs not adapted to use marks of? …
  • … use because they exist, and are more or less connected with organs which are correlated to obvious …
  • … the round of so narrow a circle. Of late some such abortive organs in flowers and fruits are found …
  • … It is commonly said that abortive and useless organs exist for the sake of symmetry, or as parts of …
  • … and explain the cause of the symmetry and how abortive organs came to be, is more to the purpose, …
  • … in some animal of lower grade; in some one lower still it is rudimentary and useless. It is asked, …
  • … which may take the place of the former narrow conceptions, organs and even faculties, useless to the …
  • … enhanced by the division of its labor, that the more organs a colony possessed, the more likely it …
  • … to be led on by natural selection, wholly new structures or organs appear, no one can say how, …
  • … it be understood, is not about the natural origination of organs. To the triumphant outcry, ‘ How …
  • … species some individuals have these exquisitely-constructed organs and some have not. And so of …

Forms of flowers

Summary

Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. …
  • … Darwin’s hypothesis was that the variations in the sexual organs were indicative of a transition …
  • … male and female parts) with apparently well-developed sexual organs, but also apetalous, closed …

Essay: Design versus necessity

Summary

—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … not developed. They may have all the other senses, with the organs of nutrition, circulation, …
  • … will cross or interbreed with those who have the same organs a little less sensitive, and thus the …
  • … has seemed to them the wonderful adaptation of the different organs and parts of the animal body to …
  • … Darwin’s work, and find that, after a sensitive nerve or a rudimentary hoof or claw, no design is to …
  • … is to be found in a nerve sensitive to light, or any mere rudimentary part or organ. I could not …

Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep

Summary

In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with …
  • … the cotyledons (the embryonic leaves in seedlings) were rudimentary, but probably served to protect …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … having two distinct sexes, and that the males were minute, rudimentary organisms, living virtually …
  • … Scalpellum vulgare  represented a stage where the male organs were still present in the …
  • … belonged in only one of the sexes appearing as vestigial or rudimentary organs in the other. The …

Essay: Natural selection & natural theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … explain unity of composition of organisms, also to explain rudimentary and representative organs, …
  • … of all organisms, the existence of representative and rudimentary organs, and the natural series …
  • … a few great types; that it reads the riddle of abortive organs and of morphological conformity, of …
  • … in fishes; and that thousands of animals and plants have rudimentary organs which, at least in …
  • … not only of the diversification, but of the formation of the organs of an animal through cumulative …
  • … of a blind chance in the developing or perfecting of the organs or instincts of created beings. . . …
  • … must have been designed goes far toward proving that other organs and other seemingly less explicit …

Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … imagining how selection could account for highly adapted organs had sometimes given even him a ‘cold …
  • … creationist view could not, for anomalous structures such as rudimentary organs and the general …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … are ancient 9 Study with profound care abortive organs produced in domesticated plants …
  • … Bridgewater Treatise [Roget 1834]: very good, abortive organs read A. Alison on Population. 2 …
  • … organography; or, an analytical   description   of the organs of plants.  Translated by …
  • … Pickworth. 1851–6.  A manual of the   Mollusca; or a rudimentary treatise of recent and fossil   …

Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings

Summary

‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Though trained in zoology and hard at work on the rudimentary nervous system of medusae, Romanes was …
  • … germs remained dormant and were stored in the reproductive organs in isolation from the effects of …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … letter to Herbert Spencer about Darwin’s discussion of rudimentary organs in  Origin  in relation …
letter