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Who we were
Summary
Many people have contributed to the Darwin Correspondence Project since it was first founded in 1974. Some names are now lost to us, and we would appreciate hearing from anyone who has contributed in the past and is not listed here. The final staff of…
Matches: 11 hits
- … were based in Cambridge, UK, in the University Library and at the Department for the History and …
- … he published Visions of Science: Books and Readers at the Dawn of the Victorian Age (OUP, 2014). …
- … Woman’s Hour . Mrs Rosemary Clarkson (Research Assistant and Associate Editor) Rosy …
- … Thomas Willis’s neurocartography of the passions in 2004 at the Centre for History of Science, …
- … the Newton Project and Enlightening Science (both at the University of Oxford), Livingstone …
- … Cambridge University Library). In addition to his duties at the Darwin Correspondence Project, …
- … a permanent exhibit commissioned by the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Cambridge, for the Darwin …
- … (2016—17) and ‘Darwin in Conversation’ (2022) at Cambridge University Library. From 2016, he managed …
- … Associate) Anne was trained in the history of science at London University. She rejoined the …
- … She originally joined the Darwin Project as a research assistant before taking on responsibility for …
- … of Learning) Sally worked with teachers and pupils at a range of primary and secondary schools …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 26 hits
- … headed ‘Books Read’ and ‘Books to be Read’, begun at opposite ends of the same notebook, with the …
- … so many which he knew he should never read. Many a book was at once transferred to the other heap, …
- … whole series of Journals and Transactions, I am surprised at my industry.’ ( Autobiography , p. …
- … who, in 1908, gave all but a few to the Professor of Botany at the University of Cambridge. These …
- … on the open shelves of the Botany School Library until 1929. At that time, most were transferred for …
- … be made out. I have read Smellies Translat [Buffon 1791] at Maer. Find out from Statistical …
- … sexes relative to the age of marriage [Quetelet 1835] Brown at end of Flinders [R. Brown 1814] & …
- … on unfixed form:— Humboldt contradicts this view at Teneriffe. in Pers. Narr. [A. von …
- … H. Scott 1820]— contains much on dogs Reports of British Assoc. [ Reports of the British …
- … London ].— [DAR *119: 8v.] A history of British Birds by W. Macgillivray [W. …
- … Sir. H Davy [H. Davy 1828] 31 An analysis of British Ferns. G. W. Francis 4 s …
- … Tom 3. in Library of Institute. Perhaps Bailliere has it. British Museum Traite Elementair …
- … in which species are shown to be not immutable see Brit. Museum Collect. (Anonymous) Wartmann …
- … B. von Siebold 1833–50] Zoolog. Soc “Memoires du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle” (Cuvier Paper …
- … A. Downing Wiley & Putnam. 14 s . [Downing 1845] (Brit. Museum) (read) good H. Watson …
- … up permanent species (alluded to by Hooker) Foreign & British Med. Review by D r …
- … it. (read) Reports to Brit. Assoc. [ Reports of the British Association for the …
- … [ Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal ] Mem: du Museum [ Mémoires du Muséum d' …
- … Wisdom of God [Ray 1692].— Reference at end British Aviary [Anon. 1838?]— d[itt]o d[itt]o …
- … vols. except Fishes, which read if Yarrell does not compare British with N. American [Yarrell 1836]. …
- … [DAR 119: 18a] 1847. Jan 14 th Mem: du Museum [ Mémoires du Muséum d' …
- … de Genève ]. Tom I to 10. —— Annales du Museum [ Annales du Muséum d'Histoire …
- … 25. Dixon on Poultry [E. S. Dixon 1848] Memoires du Museum [ Mémoires du Muséum d' …
- … by Gaudin—with additions [Heer 1854]. Archives du Museum [ Archives du Muséum d' …
- … [Schouw 1852].— Feb. 19 th Nouvelles Annales du Museum d’Hist. Nat. [ Nouvelle Annales du …
- … parts in 1844. 39 John Lindley served as assistant secretary to the Horticultural …
George Robert Waterhouse
Summary
George Waterhouse was born on 6 March 1810 in Somers Town, North London. His father was a solicitor’s clerk and an amateur lepidopterist. George was educated from 1821-24 at Koekelberg near Brussels. On his return he worked for a time as an apprentice to…
Matches: 6 hits
- … an amateur lepidopterist. George was educated from 1821-24 at Koekelberg near Brussels. On his …
- … from 1849-50. After a brief appointment as a curator at the Royal Institution at Liverpool in 1835, …
- … for a post in the natural history department of the British Museum, following his discharge from the …
- … subsequently congratulated him on his appointment as assistant in the mineralogical branch. …
- … added substantially to their fossil collection. He remained at the British Museum until his …
- … godfathers were Charles Darwin and Robert Owen), became an assistant keeper in the zoology …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
Matches: 29 hits
- … Jan) Professor of Zoölogy and comparative Anatomy at the University of Groningen 32 …
- … (Christophorus Henrikus Didericus Professor physics at Utrecht University and Chief-Director …
- … J.M. van. (Jacob Maarten) Professor of Chemistry at Leijden University 47 …
- … Albertus Jacobus) Phil. nat. doct, lecturer at the Deventer High Burghal School 27 …
- … Dr F. De Lecturer in mathematics and Cosmography at the Deventer High Burghal School …
- … Boer P. de (Petrus) Pofessor of Botany at Groningen University 36 …
- … Boerlage Dr J. G. (Jacob Gijsbert) Lecturer at the Teacher' College 28 …
- … 27 Bont M.J. de Piscieulturist at the Amsterdam Royal Zoological Gardens …
- … Adrianus) Professor of Pathological Anatomy at Leijden University 52 Leiden …
- … Dr J. (Johannes) Professor of physics at the Delft Royal Polutechnic Institution …
- … Lecturer on the English Language and literature at the Municipal Middle School Den …
- … Brouwer (Rz) P. (Pieter) Lecturer at the Deventer High Burghal School …
- … Dr (Vitus (not Titus) Jacobus) Lecturer at the Leeuwarden High Burghal School for Ladies …
- … Th.E. (Theodorus Elias) Lecturer in the Mathematics at the Hague High Burghal School …
- … Dr P.G. (Peter Gijsbert) Phil.Nat.doct., Lecturer at the Enkhuizen Burghal School …
- … Dr E. A. van der (Eduard Alexander) Lecturer at the Leeuwarden Burghal School …
- … Calker Dr F. van Sub-director and Lecturer at the Arnhem High Burghal School …
- … 50 Casimier J.J. (Johan Jacob) Assistant lecturer Almelo …
- … Phil.nat.cand, Lecturer on Natural History at the Arnhem High Burghal School …
- … J.C. (Jan Phil.nat.doct, Lecturer on Natural History at the Amsterdam high Burghal School …
- … Hoek Dr. P.P.C (Paulus Peronius Cato) Assistant at the Zootomical Laboratory of …
- … 100 Horst Dr. R. (Rutgerus) Assistant at the Zootomical Laboratory of …
- … H.F. (Hendrikus Franciscus) Botanical Assistant at the Utrecht University. …
- … W. (Wessel) Conservator of the Arnhem Museum Arnhem 7 june 1834 …
- … de (Johannes Govertus) Conservator of the Royal Museum of Natural History. 27 …
- … 143 Meulen Dr. J.E. van der Assistant in Chirurgical Clinics at Utrecht …
- … Meursinge H.zn Dr. A. (Albert) Assistant Governemental Medical Inspector for the …
- … 30 december 1801 New Amsterdam, Berbice, British Guyana 5 january 1892 …
- … 213 Noordhoek Hegt J. Assistant Director of the Amsterdam Royal …
Instinct and the Evolution of Mind
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Slave-making ants For Darwin, slave-making ants were a powerful example of the force of instinct. He used the case of the ant Formica sanguinea in the On the Origin of Species to show how instinct operates—how…
Matches: 8 hits
- … long time friend and Director of the Botanic Gardens at Kew, and Henry Walter Bates , a young …
- … In this letter, Smith, a prominent entomologist at the British Museum, identifies the species of an …
- … other. Darwin had been amusing himself observing the ants at Moor Park and mentions that he has sent …
- … letter to Joseph Hooker, Darwin's close friend and the assistant director of the Royal …
- … work. Darwin reveals that Wallace has independently arrived at many of the same conclusions …
- … Here's an example of a classroom activity performed at Harvard: Charles Darwin wrote …
- … to my imagination it is far more satisfactory to look at such instincts as…ants making slaves…not as …
- … slave-making ants, the class visited the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology’s ant …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
Matches: 29 hits
- … Jan) Professor of Zoölogy and Comparative Anatomy at the University of Groningen 32 …
- … the whole colection of his Natural History museum in Groningen burnt down. Only a squirrel remained. …
- … 1879 Groningen Feminist and publicist. Died at the age of 24 by drinking a glass of …
- … Henrikus Didericus Professor of Physics at Utrecht University and Chief-Director of the …
- … there is only one van Beemen who was a doctor in Deventer at the time and that is J.H. …
- … J.M. van. (Jacob Maarten) Professor of Chemistry at Leijden University 47 …
- … Albertus Jacobus) Phil. nat. doct, lecturer at the Deventer High Burghal School 27 …
- … Dr F. De Lecturer in Mathematics and Cosmography at the Deventer High Burghal School …
- … Boer P. de (Petrus) Pofessor of Botany at Groningen University 36 …
- … Boerlage Dr J. G. (Jacob Gijsbert) Lecturer at the Teachers' College 28 …
- … 27 Bont M.J. de Pisciculturist at the Amsterdam Royal Zoological Gardens …
- … Adrianus) Professor of Pathological Anatomy at Leijden University 52 Leiden …
- … just a few months after the album was sent to Charles Darwin at the age of 53 29 …
- … Dr J. (Johannes) Professor of physics at the Delft Royal Polytechnic Institution …
- … Lecturer on the English Language and Literature at the Municipal Middle School Den …
- … Brouwer (Rz) P. (Pieter) Lecturer at the Deventer High Burghal School …
- … Dr (Vitus (not Titus) Jacobus) Lecturer at the Leeuwarden High Burghal School for Ladies …
- … Th.E. (Theodorus Elias) Lecturer in Mathematics at the Hague High Burghal School …
- … Dr P.G. (Peter Gijsbert) Phil.Nat.doct., Lecturer at the Enkhuizen Burghal School …
- … 50 Casimier J.J. (Johan Jacob) Assistant lecturer Almelo …
- … Hoek Dr. P.P.C (Paulus Peronius Cato) Assistant at the Zootomical Laboratory of …
- … 100 Horst Dr. R. (Rutgerus) Assistant at the Zootomical Laboratory of …
- … H.F. (Hendrikus Franciscus) Botanical Assistant at the Utrecht University. …
- … W. (Wessel) Conservator of the Arnhem Museum Arnhem 7 June 1834 …
- … de (Johannes Govertus) Conservator of the Royal Museum of Natural History. 27 …
- … 143 Meulen Dr. J.E. van der Assistant in Chirurgical Clinics at Utrecht …
- … Meursinge H.zn Dr. A. (Albert) Assistant Governemental Medical Inspector for the …
- … 30 December 1801 New Amsterdam, Berbice, British Guyana 5 January 1892 …
- … 213 Noordhoek Hegt J. Assistant Director of the Amsterdam Royal …
Darwin in letters, 1821-1836: Childhood to the Beagle voyage
Summary
Darwin's first known letters were written when he was twelve. They continue through school-days at Shrewsbury, two years as a medical student at Edinburgh University, the undergraduate years at Cambridge, and the of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle.…
Matches: 13 hits
- … when he was twelve. They continue through his school-days at Shrewsbury, his two years as a medical …
- … there are letters from Shropshire friends, contemporaries at Edinburgh and Cambridge, and from …
- … Later, the letters from his sisters reveal much about life at The Mount, the family home in …
- … of the Entomological Society and the early meetings of the British Association for the Advancement …
- … keenly interested in natural history and an avid collector. At home these interests were recognised …
- … in the early 1820s Darwin’s brother Erasmus made him his assistant and collaborator in the chemical …
- … Student life When himself a medical student at Edinburgh University, Darwin devoted much of …
- … John Coldstream and Frederick Bream Glasspoole. Later, at Cambridge, led by the example of his …
- … to John Stevens Henslow and Darwin was a regular presence at the botanical lectures, excursions, and …
- … persuaded him to commence the study of geology. It was at this time, too, that Darwin first began to …
- … his detailed instructions in search of particular beetles at Barmouth, requests that prompted Fox to …
- … of the abilities Darwin had displayed during his years at Cambridge and his consequent …
- … before the end of the voyage he was aware of the value of at least some of his work, and envisaged …
Visiting the Darwins
Summary
'As for Mr Darwin, he is entirely fascinating…' In October 1868 Jane Gray and her husband spent several days as guests of the Darwins, and Jane wrote a charming account of the visit in a sixteen-page letter to her sister. She described Charles…
Matches: 20 hits
- … Darwin often discouraged would-be visitors to his home at Down in Kent on the grounds of ill-health, …
- … Gray and her husband Asa Gray , professor of botany at Harvard, spent several days as guests of …
- … a life of rule & regulation— He never stayed long with us at a time, but as soon as he had …
- … that bear upon them, & laughs more merrily than anyone at any flaw detected, or fun made— Full …
- … drawing & dining-rooms, on a large lawn, a pretty shrubbery at one side, gravel walks, flower …
- … shrubbery, through the kitchen garden, to a sheltered walk at the edge of a copse, where we walked …
- … passed off pretty regularly. We assembled to breakfast at 8½ or 9 in the dining-room from thence we …
- … panes of glass only, & down to the floor— A grand piano at one end, a book-case at the other, …
- … which was almost always in use— Sunday prayers at Down Sunday morng. we all …
- … Then some took books, some went to walk spite of the rain, & at 11, some went to church— I was a …
- … was curious the different meanings given— And it came out at dinner, that several of us had been …
- … She looks so youthful & childish that I wondered at first, at her decided expressions & her …
- … educated & soundly informed, has been her father’s great assistant in a great deal of his work; …
- … over to Dr. Gray when we were before the fire in our chamber at night. We took the train at 3 …
- … & we did not reach the Darwin’s until about 6 o’clock— At home I should have said after such a …
- … one about 26, the other about 19 or 20, & the son who is at Woolwich, studying for the Artillery …
- … gloves, & Dr. Gray in full Evg. dress— We barely got down at 7½, & the first person I saw …
- … educated & soundly informed, has been her father’s great assistant in a great deal of his work; …
- … back to Kew, & Dr. Gray to London to pass the day at the British museum. He came back to dinner, …
- … Thursday I have proposed to Mrs. Dabney to meet me at the British Museum— Dr. Gray dines in town …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 19 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of …
- … that had surfaced since the fourth edition appeared at the end of 1866 and had told his cousin …
- … by Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli, a Swiss botanist and professor at Munich (Nägeli 1865). Darwin had …
- … most. He wrote, ‘this conclusion, which you have arrived at from physical considerations, explains …
- … during an ice age and that temperate species would survive at higher altitudes while tropical ones …
- … Darwin had expressed another worry: ‘I am greatly troubled at the short duration of the world …
- … from Frederick Smith, 8 October 1869 ). Albert Günther, assistant in the zoology department at the …
- … country cargo boat, the old man on board stood looking at us, with brow wrinkled & mouth …
- … expression. Crichton-Browne had ambitions to make the asylum at Wakefield a centre of scientific …
- … to translate On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by …
- … in 1862. Darwin asked his son William to examine the British orchid Epipactis palustris on the …
- … this is ever done.’ I can truly say that I look at the publication of yr essay as one of …
- … in Brazil on 18 March : ‘I can truly say that I look at the publication of yr essay as one of the …
- … More religious controversy over Darwinism broke out at the annual meeting of the British Association …
- … pangensis, however, to have it translated and published in a British journal. Detailed discussion of …
- … photograph was requested by the director of the national museum in Zagreb, Spiridion Brusina, to …
- … would result in the establishment of the marine station at Naples, which remains an important …
- … and studied geology: ‘I have been much disappointed at gaining no strength & failing to climb …
- … course imitated Tommy’s movements & wd not have been hurt at all if tommy had not hit him a …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 27 hits
- … started for Darwin with a week’s visit to London, staying at his brother Erasmus’s house. He …
- … Darwin was in London, his son George organised a séance at Erasmus’s house. The event was led by the …
- … Later in the month, another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh …
- … news’ that Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April …
- … three new illustrations, it was issued in a single volume at a much reduced price of nine shillings, …
- … longer treat me as your friend, and you would free yourself at the earliest possible period from all …
- … 14 December 1874 ). Huxley stepped in, shunning Mivart at an evening meeting and communicating the …
- … staying with Hooker over Christmas, John Tyndall, professor at and superintendent of the Royal …
- … the examination for the BA degree in the mathematical tripos at the University of Cambridge. Darwin, …
- … ( letter to Easton and Anderson, 4 May [1874] ). At the end of June, Darwin’s fourth son, …
- … Gardens and gardeners Darwin’s garden at Down continued to be a source of inspiration. In …
- … capacities of young animals that he invited him to lunch at Down. He reported to his son George that …
- … blindfolded children; he thought Spalding had arrived at the same results as George, although …
- … properties in plants led him to work with physiologists at the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution in …
- … on Dionaea (Venus fly trap) to help with his lecture at the Royal Institution ( letter to J. S. …
- … presidential address to the department of botany and zoology at the meeting of the British …
- … wild’ by the address and had been ‘working steadily at Nepenthes every day’ and had made a good deal …
- … France on the recommendation of Hooker and physiologists at the Brown Institution (see letter to …
- … He wrote to the chemist Edward Frankland to find out whether at the ‘close of the putrefaction of …
- … with a specimen of Utricularia montana to work on. At first, Darwin mistook the empty stem …
- … ( letter from D. F. Nevill, [11 September 1874] ). At the other end of the spectrum, the …
- … move the nostrils being able to dilate and contract them at will as rapidly and in precisely the …
- … He supported the application of the ornithologist and senior assistant curator Richard Bowdler …
- … to attempt to influence the government to provide an assistant at Kew to reduce Hooker’s workload ( …
- … came to an abrupt end, as the curator of the Australian Museum in Sydney, Gerard Krefft, reported: …
- … ( letter to Auguste Forel, 15 October 1874 ). Forel was an assistant physician at the Munich …
- … of inter-species alliances. At the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of …
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 24 hits
- … fear was not death, but that he might not be able to work at all. ‘I have not the heart or strength …
- … was a boost. His 5-year-old grandson Bernard, who lived at Down House, remained a continual source …
- … Kosmos article should be translated and also appear in a British journal. Darwin could see that …
- … admitting that it was ‘ difficult to avoid being pained at being publicly called in ones old age a …
- … told Candolle on 24 January , ‘I have often been annoyed at the multitude of new terms lately …
- … thinking’, he continued, ‘that I wd. have another look at absorption by roots & root-hairs, when …
- … United States were ready, and to explain, ‘he only looked at the matter from a publisher’s point of …
- … thinks that a scientific work would sell considerably worse at this season than late in the autumn, …
- … an antagonist, Darwin replied, ‘controversy does no good at all. It is the best plan to modify any …
- … of the people of Tierra del Fuego as peaceful was at odds with the way they were depicted in Darwin …
- … from the mind of the lower animals, are of any value or at all trustworthy. Would any one trust in …
- … for Darwin’s advice when writing their addresses for the British Association for the Advancement of …
- … he stated, ‘I hate controversy, & it wastes much time, at least with a man who like myself can …
- … turned down the prime minister’s request that he become a British Museum trustee; and he would not …
- … Paget wrote on 1 June to invite Darwin to a private lunch at the International Medical Congress in …
- … a klinostat designed by Horace to de Bary’s laboratory assistant rather than telling him to order …
- … Professorship of astronomy and experimental philosophy at Cambridge University, Darwin advised him …
- … 27 January for not commending papers presented by Francis at the Linnean Society the previous …
- … & God knows what, to besiege Strasburg, until at last Dr. De Bary is compelled to say “Mr. Dada …
- … When the musician Hans Richter played for the Darwins at Down House—an experience Darwin ‘enjoyed …
- … soldiers accompanied them on walks. He was also present at a luncheon at Down House that resulted in …
- … this praise, Darwin began reading a book that took aim at his previous publication Movement in …
- … legacy was his pledge in 1881 to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew of an annual amount of £250 to …
- … surfaced when the botanical artist Marianne North stayed at Down House. Darwin enjoyed seeing her …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 24 hits
- … ‘I wish that my holiday were over & that I was safe at home again’, he fretted, just days before …
- … ‘Has it lost itself, or gone some other way round?’ At least the last letter of 1879 contained a …
- … on the same day , in which he expressed his distress at hearing that Müller had been treated …
- … than Darwin’s sister Caroline (who was around 2 years old at the time of Erasmus’s death). Darwin …
- … Although Darwin had worked on his grandfather’s biography at times when he was unable to carry out …
- … ‘proper work’ ( letter to James Paget, 14 July 1879 ). At this time, his proper work was the …
- … that slept (especially those in families whose leaves closed at night), and continuing research into …
- … and also grumbled about having to sit through a long dinner at which ‘no one could get up and go …
- … should not do experiments in Würzburg that could be done at Down, Darwin did encourage him to test …
- … paper, he told Darwin that it was usually called purgatory at the institute when a manuscript had …
- … and variously called Abbadubba or Ubba), who had remained at Down. ‘I was talking yesterday with …
- … of drums, trumpets & soldiers that he has no time to look at me or say a word to me’. In …
- … marriage to Darwin’s niece in 1873 the Darwins had stayed at the Farrers’ home, Abinger Hall, on …
- … (DAR 219.1: 125)). Nothing more could be done by the Darwins at this stage but to wait. In addition …
- … Bernard was delighted to get home ‘& began drumming at once’ (Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, …
- … fellowships from scientific institutions around the world. At the end of the year he was awarded a …
- … wrote to Darwin on 26 July saying that Darwin’s presence at the oration made it one of the most …
- … . ‘Search for the truth, & then your conscience will be at ease. In the course of time …
- … somehow to harmonise with ascertained truths, which they at first vehemently & ignorantly …
- … Haeckel was in England, he was invited to stay overnight at Down House. Darwin greatly admired the …
- … 10 January to ask whether Darwin could find him a job in a British geological establishment so he …
- … and expressing the hope that trials might be carried out at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. ‘It …
- … hearing about Torbitt’s troubles was that his contact at the Board of Trade was Thomas Farrer, who …
- … he decided to increase Francis Darwin’s salary as his assistant, he mentioned that Henry Woodward, a …
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