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Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
Matches: 15 hits
- … larger portraits at the centre or the top of the page. Ernst Haeckel was given special prominence, …
- … honour which I have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 ) …
- … and click on an entry to jump to the page. Darwin’s age was miscalculated by the album's …
- … about the album in the journal Nature , one of Darwin's oldest friends Leonard Blomefield …
- … theory you have laboured to establish.— It must be a great satisfaction to you in the evening …
- … 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst Haeckel had been the driving force behind …
- … exchanged over 90 letters with Darwin and was Darwin's most vocal supporter in Germany. Despite …
- … with his wife Carolina. Eduard Koch took over as Darwin's German publisher in 1867 and …
- … sent his observations on orchids and the oxslip for Darwin's work on Forms of flowers . …
- … Hermann Müller in the album. He had encouraged Müller's research on the fertilisation of …
- … was the science writer Ernst Krause, who edited Kosmos , a German journal of natural history …
- … and Gustav Jäger . Krause wrote an essay on Darwin's grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, which …
- … Wiesner . Missing people Some of Darwin's German colleagues were missing from …
- … devotion and heartfelt thankfulness for all you have done as a man of science and as the kindest …
- … explaining: It appears to me that it had been a much better token of gratitude and …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 19 hits
- … mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A vicious dispute over an anonymous …
- … been the naturalist and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a …
- … one of the greatest men the world has ever produced. He gave a wonderful impetus to science by …
- … to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused …
- … led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one’s body growing old there is no help for it, & I …
- … old & helpless The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to London, staying …
- … his poor health so frequently in correspondence that Ernst Haeckel inferred that he was well from …
- … world. While Darwin was in London, his son George organised a séance at Erasmus’s house. The event …
- … another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those present …
- … William Henry Myers, and Thomas Henry Huxley, who sent a long report to Darwin with the spirit …
- … to get the two men on each side of him to hold each other’s hands, instead of his, ‘& that he …
- … America of the ‘strange news’ that Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his home ( letter from T …
- … first three months of the year and, like many of Darwin’s enterprises in the 1870s, were family …
- … [1873] ). Darwin himself had some trouble in finding a copy. Having sent back his own to the …
- … the help of his daughter Henrietta, whom he thought ‘a good dear girl to take so sweetly all the …
- … Cupples, a Scottish deerhound expert who forwarded Darwin’s queries about the numbers of males and …
- … Huxley, 14 April 1874 ). The technical nature of Huxley’s argument prompted him to add, ‘Put my …
- … to attack Mivart in print, as in his review of Ernst Haeckel’s Anthropogenie in the Academy …
- … of Darwin’s work. His controversial German admirer, Ernst Haeckel, sent the fifth edition of his …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments to trace these subtle …
- … spent an extended period in Würzburg at Julius Sachs’s botanical institute, one of most advanced …
- … Darwin delighted in his role as grandfather to Francis’s son Bernard, occasionally comparing the …
- … up the cause of an Irish businessman who hoped to produce a disease-resistant variety that would rid …
- … agent of progress. The year closed with remarkable news of a large legacy bequeathed to Darwin by a …
- … J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). Writing to Ernst Haeckel on his sixty-ninth birthday ( …
- … to botanical observation and experiment. He had begun a systematic study of plant movement in 1877, …
- … position assumed by leaves at night (nyctitropism) was a protection against heat loss. ‘I think we …
- … me much & has cost us great labour, as it has been a problem since the time of Linnaus. But we …
- … the first shoots and leaves of young plants. ‘I shall die a miserable, disgraced man if I do not …
- … Sophy to observe the arching shoots of Neottia (bird’s nest orchid) near her home in Surrey: ‘If …
- … structure at the base of the leaf-stalk: the pulvinus, a cellular mass present in some plants that …
- … in the petioles of the Cotyledons of oxalis, I conclude that a pulvinus must be developed from …
- … 22 December [1878] ). Son abroad Darwin’s experiments on plant movement were …
- … apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in Germany, not returning …
- … be obtained at Down House, but Francis thought Horace’s abilities were a match for German instrument …
- … here is far from well made.’ (Jemmy or Jim was Horace’s nickname.) Francis was occasionally …
- … letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ). Sachs’s confidence was apparently matched by his …
- … Anne Westwood, and the proud grandparents. Many of Darwin’s letters conveyed news of the boy. ‘All …
- … faculties. He seemed to take special note of the child’s use of language and power of judgment. …
- … own research on animal instinct and intelligence. ‘Frank’s son, nearly 2 years old (& we think …
- … a young monkey, so as to observe its mind’? Darwin’s suggestion was seconded: ‘Frank says you ought …
- … cases of animal intelligence were observed by Darwin’s correspondents. The German stamp-collector …
- … in September 1877, Darwin’s outspoken supporter Ernst Haeckel championed the teaching of evolution …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 16 hits
- … and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any man wants to gain a good opinion of his fellow man, he …
- … or in satisfying female preference in the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in …
- … on the subject to the zoologist Albert Günther: ‘a drunkard might as well say, he would drink a …
- … early as 1865, the two-volume work appeared in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing …
- … manuscript to the publisher in February 1867, and had spent a good deal of that year reading and …
- … the work in November 1867 and had expected to complete it in a fortnight. But at Darwin’s request, …
- … prepared to throw the Index overboard … though it would be a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s …
- … Generally favourable accounts appeared in some of London’s leading weeklies such as the Saturday …
- … Gazette , was by George Henry Lewes, well-known in London’s literary circles and an author of …
- … Darwin for comments. Darwin was clearly impressed by Lewes’s reviews. On 7 August 1868 , he wrote …
- … by Owen’. John Edward Gray, a colleague of Richard Owen’s in the British Museum, agreed about the …
- … Science, Robertson published a rejoinder, arousing Darwin’s ire still further: ‘he is a scamp & …
- … of details and untoward examples even from Darwin’s inner circle of expert naturalists. The Swiss …
- … provided by Variation for expanding Darwin’s network of informers proved very fruitful. On 1 …
- … the breed ‘was no authority whatever’. Darwin’s reply opened the door to a long-running …
- … order of pride was expressed on 9 November by Ernst Haeckel on the birth of his son Walter: ‘For …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 11 hits
- … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
- … by Cambridge University Press . Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth …
- … to Francis Galton, 15 [June 1879] ). Even the prospect of a holiday in the Lake District in August …
- … of his son Horace to Ida Farrer, stepdaughter of Darwin’s niece Katherine Euphemia Farrer (Effie), …
- … old age, which creeps slily upon one, like moss upon a tree, and wrinkles one all over like a baked …
- … way round?’ At least the last letter of 1879 contained a warmer note and the promise of future …
- … but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German bookkeeper and his wife sent birthday …
- … now widely accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with …
- … Francis Darwin, [after 2 June 1879 ]). As one of Darwin’s most ardent admirers, Krause not only …
- … Kosmos honouring Darwin. Among the essays was Krause’s own tribute in the form of an account of …
- … [1879] ). When Darwin’s staunch German defender Ernst Haeckel was in England, he was invited to …
Was Darwin an ecologist?
Summary
One of the most fascinating aspects of Charles Darwin’s correspondence is the extent to which the experiments he performed at his home in Down, in the English county of Kent, seem to prefigure modern scientific work in ecology.
Matches: 24 hits
- … I gave two seeds to a confounded old cock, but his gizzard ground them up; at least I cd. not find …
- … merely by birds accidentally dropping them. The case is a sore puzzle to me.— Charles …
- … One of the most fascinating aspects of Charles Darwin’s correspondence is the extent to which the …
- … ecology. Despite the difference in language between Darwin’s letter and the modern scientific paper …
- … the activities of earthworms; the mix of species in a plot of grass; pollination. Was Darwin, then, …
- … far from straightforward. As we shall see, though Darwin’s work was pivotal – and in more ways than …
- … from the ones we tend to take for granted today. Ecology as a discipline did not then exist: even …
- … well enough established in universities that Darwin’s ‘held together with a piece of string’ …
- … explained’ (quoted in Chadarevian 1996, pp. 17–18). As a gentleman amateur, observing his …
- … organisms over time – were highly innovative. Darwin’s own experiments challenged the old, purely …
- … and at the same time also challenged the notion that only a laboratory could serve as the place in …
- … tradition in the field. Modern ecology A great deal is wrapped up in our modern idea …
- … which draws on the other three strands just mentioned, is a broadly based political movement which …
- … texts of the ecological movement, such as Rachel Carson’s Silent spring, often draw on science, …
- … roots, and a correspondingly complex history. What’s in a name? The term ‘ecology’ was …
- … sense, all the “conditions of existence.”’ (Ernst Haeckel, Generelle Morphologie 2: 286; translation …
- … and some of his correspondents complained mildly about Haeckel’s propensity for making up words, but …
- … appeared in English in E. Ray Lankester’s translation of Haeckel’s History of creation in 1876; it …
- … in his letters. However, Darwin’s Origin of species was Haeckel’s primary inspiration for his …
- … of organisms to their environment for some time before Haeckel thought of a word for the activity; …
- … will no doubt continue to change in the future. Indeed, when Haeckel coined the term ecology he …
- … and left such study to an ‘uncritical’ natural history (Haeckel 1866, 2: 286–7; see also Stauffer …
- … Darwin’s caution is evident in his correspondence with Haeckel, himself a passionate theorist who …
- … upheaval that he was confident Darwin’s work would cause. Haeckel acknowledged himself to have been …
Controversy
Summary
The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…
Matches: 22 hits
- … sharp theoretical differences with him; on the other hand, a number of his public critics assisted …
- … support sustained in spite of enduring differences. Darwin's correspondence can thus help …
- … quickly deteriorated and Darwin came to regard him as a bitter enemy. Darwin and Sedgwick …
- … that he has contacted his publisher John Murray to send him a copy of Origin . Darwin’s …
- … but he assures Sedgwick he does not send his book out of a spirit of bravado, but a want of respect. …
- … neither be proved nor disproved”. He says that Darwin’s “grand principle natural selection ” is …
- … Nov [1859] Darwin says Sedgwick could not have paid him a more honourable compliment than …
- … of his book. He is grieved “to have shocked a man whom I sincerely honour”. He mentions that he has …
- … says to Darwin he will welcome his work [ Origin ] with a “close & continuous perusal”. He …
- … of living species” and so could not regard Darwin’s attempt to demonstrate the nature of such …
- … Charles, [10 Dec 1859] Darwin discusses with King's College, London Professor of geology, …
- … he goes immense way with us”, but emphasises Owen’s unfriendly manner. Darwin remarks that Owen …
- … Owen, Richard, 13 Dec [1859] Darwin responds to Owen’s remarks that his book [ Origin ] is …
- … He is sensitive because of “unjust things” said by a “very distinguished friend” [A. Sedgwick]. …
- … Harvard botanist Asa Gray. Darwin is annoyed at Owen’s malignity [ Edinburgh Rev. 111 (1860): 487 …
- … reaction. This exchange of letters with the zoologist Ernst Haeckel, an ardent proponent of …
- … tactics. Letter 5500 — Darwin, C. R. to Haeckel, E. P. A., 12 Apr [1867] Darwin is …
- … side of the attacked person. Letter 5533 — Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, C. R., 12 May …
- … of Origin [4th ed. (1866)]. He comments on Darwin’s criticism of the harsh tone of Generelle …
- … Darwin discusses his previous criticisms of Haeckel’s Generelle Morphologie . He fears Haeckel …
- … while at the same time wanting to acknowledge Wallace's contribution fully. The initial …
- … of Victorian science. Wallace would become one of Darwin's most valued correspondents and their …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 10 hits
- … considerably improved. His increased vigour was apparent in a busy year that included two trips to …
- … edition was with the printers in July. Much to Darwin’s annoyance, however, publication was delayed …
- … by Darwin to his publisher in December. Much of Darwin’s correspondence in 1866 was focussed on …
- … of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation continued in …
- … of special creation on the basis of alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed …
- … the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an evening …
- … responded philosophically to these deaths, regarding both as a merciful release from painful illness …
- … yet much taste for common meat,’ he continued, ‘but eat a little game or fowl twice a day & eggs …
- … I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John Lubbock, …
- … selection was based. The work relied heavily on Darwin’s extensive correspondence over several …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
What did Darwin believe?
Summary
What did Darwin really believe about God? the Christian revelation? the implications of his theory of evolution for religious faith? These questions were asked again and again in the years following the publication of Origin of species (1859). They are…
Matches: 20 hits
- … and religious believers. The questions have taken on a new relevance in light of controversies over …
- … design in schools, the resurgence of fundamentalism as a political force, and the combative rhetoric …
- … silent on religion. His Autobiography contains a short discussion of his religious views, …
- … It should not therefore be read (although it often is), as a neutral account of the development of …
- … often seeking direction for their own. Mary Boole’s letter In December 1866 Darwin …
- … Dear Sir Will you excuse my venturing to ask you a question to which no one’s answer but your …
- … … with the following belief: That God is a personal and Infinitely good Being … That …
- … religion. See the letter Boole, like a number of Darwin’s readers, found a way …
- … engagement in 1838, we find an early expression of Darwin’s religious doubts. Darwin’s own …
- … See the letter We know from Darwin’s scientific notebooks from this period that his views …
- … It is clear from other correspondence that one of Emma’s most cherished beliefs was in an afterlife. …
- … means so in eternity. There is a marked tension in Emma’s letter between reason and feeling, and …
- … together with a strong sense of propriety on Charles’s part, sustained their marriage. If not deeply …
- … devotion have appeared only as a background to Darwin’s own life and intellectual struggles. …
- … mutual concern for many years. Huxley, Wallace, and Haeckel The value of methodical …
- … model. Darwin’s leading German supporter, Ernst Haeckel, complained to Darwin in 1867, …
- … controversy, allowing others like Huxley, Wallace, and Haeckel to battle on his behalf. Darwin did …
- … would alienate potential allies and disturb old allegiances. Haeckel’s letter had been prompted by …
- … style also left him vulnerable to critics, as Wallace and Haeckel pointed out. To this day, Darwin’s …
- … reference to the present time (London: Elliot Stock). Haeckel, Ernst. German zoologist. …
Proteus
Summary
Proteus is a bit of an Unidentified Film Object. A work that mixes documentary with animation, its subject is a scientist who walked a tight line between arts and sciences. Is the film a documentary or an artistic vision? As our guest speaker Nick Hopwood…
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
- … Emma, Darwin weighed the pros and cons of married life for a man of science. In his notes, Darwin …
- … March 1863] Darwin secretly passes on Henrietta’s insightful comments on Lyell’s …
- … Darwin, [30 March 1864] Lydia Becker sends Darwin a copy of her book, Botany for …
- … Jnr. seeks Darwin-family support for Elizabeth Garrett’s candidacy for the position of Professorship …
- … selection for debates about marriage. Since reading Darwin’s work a “flood of questions” have …
- … but stumbled across the pamphlet while looking for a novel to read. Norton is “in true feminine …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 13 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine …
- … J. to Darwin, R. W., [31 August 1831] Darwin’s uncle writes to Darwin’s father in an …
- … first part of his Beagle voyage. Darwin explains that, as a Naturalist, his time is dedicated to …
- … are as alike “as two peas” and his work fits neatly into a broader domestic routine made up of meals …
- … the development of his two-month-old “animalcule of a son", William. Darwin’s roles as father …
- … had gathered and brought into the house immediately after a rain storm. Here, Darwin’s scientific …
- … March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for posting to him a number of plants to aid his work on …
- … work, engage in the “struggle for life” and become “a useful self-supporting” member of the public …
- … believes that Scott ought to engage in drudgery “like a man” and “occupy the rest of his time with …
- … to be able to do pure science on half his income but he has a duty to the public to contribute more …
- … his son, George. While scientific work might possibly help a young barrister, being a fellow of …
- … experiments he is undertaking in his home to test Wallace’s theory that birds reject highly-coloured …
- … to Emma Darwin’s sister, Sarah, with observations on a Sphinx moth. The moth examined the “mahogany …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 11 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
- … year he was optimistic about publishing it that autumn, but a recurrence of illness forced him to …
- … from this, the editing of excerpts from Fritz Müller’s letters on climbing plants to make another …
- … and persuaded his friend Joseph Dalton Hooker to comment on a paper on Verbascum (mullein) by CD …
- … received news of an exchange of letters on his theory in a New Zealand newspaper; the letters were …
- … deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of Darwin’s and prominent …
- … of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and J. D. Hooker’s father, died in August. There was also a …
- … when illness made work impossible, Darwin and Hooker read a number of novels, and discussed them in …
- … energetic. However, on 31 January, Hugh Falconer died after a sudden illness. Falconer was 56, …
- … 12). In early January Falconer had written to Darwin’s brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin, to reassure …
- … January [1865] ). Sic transit gloria mundi, with a vengeance Darwin’s …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 20 hits
- … Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
- … spent completing Forms of flowers , his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the …
- … of bloom, each of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was …
- … his wife, Amy, the previous year. He assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and …
- … by his engagement to Sara Sedgwick, an American from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The …
- … He returned to his alma mater in November to hear a Latin oration composed specially for the …
- … the fertility of individual flowers and plants across a range of common species, such as the …
- … pleases me.’. Darwin dedicated the book to Gray, ‘as a small tribute of respect and affection’. He …
- … to you.’ Drawing his separate publications together into a larger whole enabled Darwin to advance …
- … measure: ‘it might then be highly beneficial to [a plant] that the same flower or the same …
- … I believe it is of value, it is not likely that more than a few hundred copies w d . be sold’. His …
- … warned Thiselton-Dyer, who seems to have shared Hooker’s suspicion of ambitious gardeners ( letter …
- … enjoyed working with Francis, and encouraged his son’s independent research. Using the facilities at …
- … diet of meat. His findings answered a number of Darwin’s critics who had questioned whether plants …
- … glandular hairs in the cups formed by the leaves of fuller’s teasel ( Dipsacus sylvestris , a …
- … on 23 May , ‘the Council have refused to print Frank’s paper on the Teazle glands.… I have not been …
- … suspected that the referees were sceptical of the paper’s conclusions regarding protoplasm, and …
- … botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn, who confirmed Francis’s observations: ‘the most curious appearance …
- … age. The Dutch album and the letters from Rade and Haeckel both refer to Darwin’s 69th birthday, and …
- … American banker, William Burrows Bowles, having read Ernst Haeckel on ‘Pithecanthropus alalus’ (or …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 21 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 …
- … to make some observations of dimorphic plants with William’s help; he also ordered a selection of …
- … physician-in-ordinary to Queen Victoria. Jenner prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and …
- … continued throughout the summer. When he finished a preliminary draft of his paper on climbing …
- … also marked by the award to Darwin of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal; he had been nominated for …
- … arose over the grounds on which it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin …
- … in Britain. Challenging convention Darwin’s concern about the acceptance of his theory …
- … However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down brother-naturalist’, sent to …
- … ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his observations and …
- … for another specimen: ‘I want it fearfully for it is a leaf climber & therefore sacred’ ( …
- … in January 1865. Climbers and twiners Darwin’s paper divided plants into different …
- … transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that a leaf, while still serving the …
- … eventually aborting to form true tendrils. After observing a variety of climbing plants, he argued …
- … as good species as a man & a Gorilla Darwin’s interest in species, hybrids, and …
- … of flowers ). A household enterprise Darwin’s 1864 correspondence with family members …
- … 14, collected specimens of Echium vulgare . Darwin’s daughter Henrietta was often at his side in …
- … of Pulmonaria officinalis from her family’s home in Surrey; Darwin incorporated these into …
- … in 1864, however, was provided by William, Darwin’s eldest son and a banker in Southampton. Their …
- … much pollen work as ever you like’. Comments on William’s findings, along with other household news, …
- … Crüger, head of the botanic garden in Trinidad. Darwin’s exhilaration is apparent in his reports to …
- … a former governess at Down House, Camilla Ludwig. From Ernst Haeckel, Darwin learned of the support …
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 21 hits
- … the whole of the confounded book out of my head’. But a large proportion of Darwin’s time for the …
- … , ‘for as my son Frank says, “you treat man in such a bare-faced manner.”‘ The most lively debate …
- … of illustrating his book. The year also brought a significant milestone for the family, as …
- … as feelings of hope for her future happiness combined with a sense of loss. Descent of man …
- … [of] the facts, during several past years, has been a great amusement’. Darwin had been working …
- … in the late 1830s. In recent years, Darwin had collected a wealth of material on sexual selection …
- … human evolution was comparatively small, reflecting Darwin’s aim of showing kinship with animals at …
- … published on 24 February, and all 2500 copies were sold in a week. ‘Murray says he is “torn to …
- … three more printings, 2000 in March, 2000 in April, and a further 1000 in December. The level of …
- … and the speed at which they appeared. Arrangements for a US edition had been in place since December …
- … Hooker suggested one of the reasons behind the book’s popularity: ‘I hear that Ladies think it …
- … Darwin wrote to Murray on 20 March 1871 , ‘It is quite a grand trade to be a scientific man.’ …
- … Correspondence vol. 19, Appendix IV). Four of Darwin’s five sons received a copy, and his daughter …
- … The geologist William Boyd Dawkins remarked on Darwin’s books’ reception amongst ‘artisans and mill …
- … & menstruation coming out of the primary fact that one’s n th . ancestor lived between tide …
- … A number of correspondents took issue with Darwin’s evolutionary explanation of the ‘higher’ …
- … and beetles to Descent , could not extend Darwin’s evolutionary theory beyond man’s ‘bodily frame …
- … regarding human ancestry was expressed by Darwin’s old friend, the former vicar of Down John Brodie …
- … On religion and morality Others objected to Darwin’s theory on purely religious grounds. The …
- … 1871] ). Yet some continued to find Darwin’s theories consistent with religious belief, …
- … ( letter from George Henslow, 5 December 1871 ). Ernst Haeckel boasted of his month spent at a …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 19 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The …
- … to correct proofs, and just when completion seemed imminent, a further couple of months were needed …
- … oversized two-volume Variation and instead write a short (as he then expected) ‘Essay on Man’. …
- … selection in forming human races, and there was also to be a chapter on the meaning and cause of the …
- … ), published in 1871, and the chapter on expression into a book, The expression of the emotions in …
- … for decades, it was only now that he began to work with a view to publishing his observations. …
- … replies from different corners of the world. Darwin’s work was now guaranteed to arouse …
- … Darwin corrected them. Closer to home, two important works, a book by the duke of Argyll, and an …
- … Fleeming Jenkin, challenged different aspects of Darwin’s theory of transmutation as elucidated in …
- … self-sterility, pollination, and seed dispersal with a growing network of correspondents who worked …
- … atmosphere that he so much needed in what was becoming a highly combative and emotional arena. …
- … under Domestication’. Having just received the printer’s estimate of the size of the two-volume work …
- … chapter and remained doubtful whether or not to include a chapter ‘on Man’. After a few days, he …
- … out passages to be set in smaller type. He added, ‘I feel a full conviction that my Chapter on man …
- … completed book: a paragraph throwing doubt on Asa Gray’s doctrine that each variation had been …
- … the year progressed, the book continued to consume Darwin’s time. The first proof-sheets arrived on …
- … recommended by Carl Vogt and had translated Vogt’s own Vorlesungen über den Menschen (Lectures …
- … was made by a young naturalist equally devoted to Darwin’s work, Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky. …
- … Darwin heavily annotated his copy of Alexander’s paper on the embryology of ascidians (A. O. …
4.59 'Simplicissimus' cartoon
Summary
< Back to Introduction In 1909 the German satirical magazine Simplicissimus celebrated the centenary of Darwin’s birth with a whimsical cartoon by its resident artist Thomas Theodor Heine, titled ‘Zu Darwins hundertstem Geburtstag’ (‘On Darwin’s…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Simplicissimus celebrated the centenary of Darwin’s birth with a whimsical cartoon by its resident …
- … dressed, is his foremost German disciple and champion, Ernst Haeckel, appearing through a gap in the …
- … equally bold, and Heine briefly went to prison in 1898 for a cartoon insulting the Kaiser. As a Jew …
- … location Darwin archive, Cambridge University Library. A typed label on the back indicates that …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 6 hits
- … the highlights in chronological order: Adam Sedgwick's report on his geological work in …
- … their geometry, [19 June 1858] . W. E. Darwin's observations on Pulmonaria , 14 …
- … coloration of moths, 26 March 1868 Adolf Reuter's sketches of Robinia rubra and …
- … of Gasteria , 7 December 1873 F. F. Hallett's rough sketch showing his system of …
- … Commelina benghalensis , 30 December 1878 C. A. Lindvall's map of the sandhills in …
- … 1879 Anthony Rich's description of the movement of a caterpillar, 1 July 1879 …
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