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Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition
Summary
Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn. That lost list is recreated here.
Matches: 8 hits
- … Page 12, par. 1, line 18, substitute for ‘animals’: 7 …
- … Some of the many kinds of animals which live on the beach between high and low water …
- … of the climate, in the degree of humidity, &c.; and various animals and plants will have …
- … on the island of Fernando Po, Mr. Mann found temperate European forms first beginning to appear at …
- … Malay archipelago, for on the volcanic cones of Java we see European forms, and on the heights of …
- … The number of forms in Australia, which are related to European temperate forms, but which differ so …
- … every year, as I am informed by Mr. E. V. Harcourt, many European and African birds are blown to …
- … one alone is peculiar, though very closely related to a European form; and three or four other …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 6 hits
- … after the publication of his previous book, Variation in animals and plants under domestication. …
- … book in 1872 ( Expression of the emotions in man and animals ). The year was otherwise …
- … moral sense and the comparative mental powers of humans and animals. who wd ever have …
- … from F. P. Cobbe, 28 March [1870?] ). Humans as animals: ears Despite Cobbe’s plea, …
- … in humans ( Descent 1: 22-3). Humans as animals: facial muscles A more troubling …
- … Tommy. The Franco-Prussian war Darwin’s European correspondence was disrupted for part …
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Darwin & coral reefs
Summary
The central idea of Darwin's theory of coral reef formation, as it was later formulated, was that the islands were formed by the upward growth of coral as the Pacific Ocean floor gradually subsided. It overturned previous ideas and would in itself…
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
4.10 'Hornet' caricature of Darwin
Summary
< Back to Introduction Caricatures of Darwin that depicted him as a semi-ape are numerous and well known, but they marked a specific historical moment. Most date from the period following the publication of Descent of Man in 1871-2, extending through…
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 29 hits
- … [Anon. 1835] read Study Buffon on varieties of Domesticated animals—see if laws cannot be made out. …
- … [Temminck 1827–41]— Has account of variation in animals in the different isl ds of E Indian …
- … by Rennie [Bechstein 1835] Some facts on cross-bred animals, M r Yarrell has it?? Walker …
- … meeting at Oxford. paper by L d Spencer on gestation of animals [Spencer 1840]. read All …
- … Advertised . David Low “Treatise on Domestic Animals”; also Illustrations of the Domestic animals …
- … Youatt ‘Essay on the Obligations of man to the inferior animals’ [Youatt 1839] discusses their minds …
- … paper describes anomalies in muscles & bones of man & animals.— (Read) Buckland …
- … Newby [Blofeld 1844]. Athenæum says account of domestic animals. Boston Nat: Hist: Soc: …
- … Columbidæ (Pigeons.) [Selby 1835] 11. Ruminating Animals (Deer, Antelopes, &c.) [Jardine …
- … Comparative Osteology. Morphology of Vertebrate animals 54 folio Plates. Maclise 2”12.6. …
- … on Instinct [Wells 1834] Cline on the breeding of animals [Cline 1829] Spallanzani’s …
- … of Religion [Hume 1757] Swainson Geograph. Distrib of Animals [Swainson 1835] I see Swainsons …
- … skimmed parts; ought to be studied for comparison of man & animals—derives all from sympathy …
- … Wanderings [Waterton 1825] 15. Low’s Domesticated Animals [D. Low 1845]. 30. Webb & …
- … old) (read) all Leidy, a Flora & Fauna within living Animals [Leidy 1853]. (Read) …
- … important 92 The Geographical Distrib. of Plants & Animals by C. Pickering Chapman …
- … Agricultural Report for J. Wilson origin of Domestic animals. 94 Lloyd Scandinavian …
- … of New York ] by looking at index— about breeding of animals— Sir J. Lubbock. member …
- … Low’s Illustrations of the breeds of the domestic animals of the British Islands would be …
- … Jardine, a forty-volume series on the natural history of animals published in Edinburgh from 1834 to …
- … that James Wilson’s work on the origin of domestic animals was mentioned in the Highland …
- … Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other …
- … distribution, and natural arrangement of the races of animals, living and extinct . Part I. …
- … illustrative of the manners and economy of animals . London. [Darwin Library.] 119: 7a …
- … Observations on the breeding and form of domestic animals . London. 119: 4a Cobbett, …
- … of instinct deduced from the habits of British animals . London. 119: 21a Cowper, …
- … the best breeds of the most useful kinds of domestic animals. London. 119: 7a, 13a …
- … Augustus Lucas]. [1818]. Description of the European olive tree. [Paris]. [Other eds.] 119 …
- … 22v. Macpherson, David. 1812. The history of the European commerce with India. …
Expression
Summary
Darwin's interest in emotional expression can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the different sounds and gestures among the peoples of Tierra del Fuego, and on his return from the voyage he started recording observations…
Matches: 4 hits
- … taste, and sympathy, comparing the behaviour of humans and animals. Darwin's work on expression …
- … He began writing to naturalists, travellers and settlers in European colonies in the mid-1850s. His …
- … whose hair bristled in horror similar to that of some animals when under threat . For Browne, …
- … of behaviours that had once given competitive advantage to animals, and that had persisted in humans …
British Association meeting 1860
Summary
Several letters refer to events at the British Association for the Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the meeting but in the end was unable to. The most famous incident of the meeting was the verbal…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of sexual organs in plants, as well as in those lower animals which can be propagated by cuttings. …
- … use is the production of fruits which afford nourishment to animals. A third may be to minister to …
- … in intellectual qualities to the dog, the elephant and other animals. He particularly referred to …
- … considerations to historical proof, and selecting the only European nation which thus far has …
- … progress of man and the physical development of the lower animals. So far from the author being …
- … was a fact confirmed by all observation. The remains of animals, plants, and man found in those …
- … an unalterable character. The line between man and the lower animals was distinct: there was no …
- … quoted by Mr. Darwin, he admitted that no sooner were these animals set free than they returned to …
- … With regard to the psychological distinction between man and animals; man himself was once a monad—a …
Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter
Summary
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…
Matches: 11 hits
- … to make his cirripede monographs more widely known among European naturalists, particularly those in …
- … possible mechanisms for the geographical distribution of animals and plants. Darwin began a series …
- … of seeds and ova by fish, birds, insects, and other animals. These investigations were part of his …
- … researches and forceful arguments for the dispersal of animals and plants with Hooker who, with …
- … into the lengthy tabulation of various catalogues of animals and plants in an attempt to ascertain …
- … researches into the origins and variations of domesticated animals. His correspondence reveals the …
- … monuments for representations of the domesticated plants and animals of earlier civilisations. Blyth …
- … Leopold Layard, whose first-hand knowledge of the plants and animals of particular regions proved …
- … fanciers. His reading expanded to include works on domestic animals by Edmund Saul Dixon and others, …
- … relative William Darwin Fox, who kept a wide assortment of animals at his ‘Noah’s ark’ in Delamere …
- … palæontology, classification Hybridism, domestic animals & plants &c &c &c) to see …
New material added to the American edition of Origin
Summary
A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…
Matches: 8 hits
- … class of varieties.’’ He extends the same view to animals. The Dean believes that single species of …
- … which supports such an astonishing number of species, many European plants have become naturalised. …
- … in Scotland, and of bears in Norway, &c. Thirdly, as far as animals are concerned, some species …
- … would stand very high in the scale of invertebrate animals, if judged by the most decisive of all …
- … present day there were fifty thousand kinds of vertebrate animals, and if we had reason to believe …
- … faunas and floras. From the extraordinary manner in which European productions have recently spread …
- … as that the same poison often similarly affects plants and animals, or that the poison secreted by …
- … incredible that from some such intermediate production both animals and plants might possibly have …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 11 hits
- … investigate aspects of the structure and behaviour of other animals more extensively. To further …
- … network of informants, especially among breeders of domestic animals. His contacts, old and new, …
- … of man and Expression of the emotions in man and animals , the former comprising two volumes, …
- … generated by the long-awaited publication of Variation in animals and plants under domestication …
- … of a wide range of experts on different domestic animals and plants, often indicating that the …
- … all sorts of subjects.’ The topic of variation in domestic animals seemed to prompt an outpouring of …
- … any facts bearing on this subject with Birds, insects or any animals’. Weir showed great initiative, …
- … few references.’ Darwin had initially thought that in most animals in which secondary sexual …
- … it and is not nearly so capable of expression as the skin of European faces; and … it is a part of …
- … Darwin also sought information on expression in animals. He was interested in whether tears were …
- … He sent Darwin his paper on cross-species organ grafting in animals, adding ‘at least as a shade I …
Satire of FitzRoy's Narrative of the Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, by John Clunies Ross. Transcription by Katharine Anderson
Summary
[f.146r Title page] Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle Supplement / to the 2nd 3rd and Appendix Volumes of the First / Edition Written / for and in the name of the Author of those / Volumes By J.C. Ross. / Sometime Master of a…
Matches: 24 hits
- … of the soil – certainly neither the native nor the European Lords of India have ever allowed the …
- … but their houses were ransacked and burnt – and all their animals were driven away – those of the …
- … Elevation part of your Geological Theory – the Gallapagos animals &c &c It happened …
- … – but want of provisions for which he would not go to any European chief Settlement – took him into …
- … unless Mr Hare would promise to proceed direct to some European chief Settlement – alledging as …
- … through it – the wet and sultry weather destructive to European ***[15] sails, rigging ****[16] …
- … canvas – which withstands the weather much better than the European articles – should be employed – …
- … produce – and that ^they^ might rear further stock or any animals that could be reared and of all …
- … of the ship that Mr Hare has ordered to go away in to some European settlement probably Bencoolen …
- … Hare [ f.191v p. 90 ] and you to no other place than a European settlement probably Bencoolen …
- … formation” – into a shape, which should bewitch the European-Philosopher-Squad and tempt the worthy …
- … and dressed up Baboons, or some other outlandish sort of Animals. No! No! No! clearly I could not – …
- … with the incredulity of his contemporaries – threw off his European or Caucasan Arab envelope …
- … for the price that I paid for each of these “five animals” Vide licet – four shillings and four …
- … tell them – they could ^not^ divine the cause for these animals doing so – which is this – Altho’ …
- … these – there were also children of Javan Chinese women by European men. Now, if the reader does not …
- … an M.A. and over ears in love with fossil bones of the lower animals – as for the high – the genus …
- … the Theory – which has been so greedily received by the European Philosophers – this Superb Theory – …
- … it seems have laid aside “their extreme dislike to those animals”) I understand that my beKnighted …
- … to be remarked – That – altho’ in the year 1825 these animals frequented the beaches and ^were to be …
- … [ f.230r p.163 ] was to be expected – the sale of the animals being monopolized by Mr Ross for …
- … would have willingly sold at his own prices – but the animals being as abovementioned – far away on …
- … when the sky is clear. ***[15] In the term “European” North American is meant to be …
- … be – evidently advantageous to their interests – and an European cannot lower himself more in their …
What is an experiment?
Summary
Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand theorist. His early career seems to confirm this. He began with detailed note-taking, collecting and cataloguing on the Beagle, and edited a descriptive zoology…
Matches: 3 hits
- … to the zoological gardens to study monkeys and other exotic animals on display. He also gradually …
- … so that he was able to gather information on plants, animals, and peoples from around the world, and …
- … of science, especially in new territories controlled by European nations. The British Association, …
Human Nature
Summary
The early 1870s were a turning point in the global debate about human evolution, with deep implications for science, colonial expansion, industrial progress, religious belief, and ethical and philosophical debate. Darwin’s correspondence from this period…
Matches: 3 hits
Interview with Pietro Corsi
Summary
Pietro Corsi is Professor of the History of Science at the University of Oxford. His book Evolution Before Darwin is due to be published in 2010 by Oxford University Press. Date of interview: 17 July 2009 Transcription 1: Introduction …
Matches: 4 hits
- … generation, which attracts, for five years, enormous European attention – and [receives attention] …
- … very edgy about Darwin; also for the fact that the enormous European success of Darwin signifies to …
- … enjoy something which is unthinkable in England or in other European countries or the United States: …
- … second half of the century worked essentially on colonies of animals. That is, they worked on …
Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 10 hits
- … in response to The expression of the emotions in man and animals , published the previous year. …
- … on the role of inherited and acquired characteristics in animals. The subject was brought closer to …
- … which seemed analogous to muscular contraction in animals: “a nerve is touched … a sensation is felt …
- … analogous experiments on the muscle and nerve tissue of animals. Burdon Sanderson visited Darwin at …
- … such as curare and colchicine that had known effects on animals. To test whether the plants had a …
- … book. Full of observations of infants and anecdotes of zoo animals and family pets, it was judged …
- … of the evidently pleasurable rubbing and scraping that animals performed all over their bodies, …
- … Darwin about recent experiments on cerebral localisation in animals that promised to link brain …
- … to human speech, and went so far as to assert that animals, in lacking the power of language, also …
- … other works continued to bring Darwin’s theory to broader European audiences. Requests were received …
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Matches: 3 hits
- … mate choice, and contests between potential suitors. In animals, he argued, sexual selection tended …
- … ( Notebooks , B74). In his later writings on plants and animals, Darwin remained consistent on …
- … possibility of women becoming the equals of men, and of non-European peoples becoming ‘civilized’ (i …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 6 hits
- … of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on …
- … monkeys. Darwin explored parallels between humans and other animals in The Expression of the …
- … human language originated in the instinctual behaviour of animals. “I know very well that I am quite …
- … as governing the production of new breeds of domestic animals. “I have been … reading an article by …
- … the origin of language remained unanswered. “In the higher animals the potential traces of language …
- … about whether the Basque language (the only non-Indo-European language on the European continent) is …
