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Darwin Correspondence Project

From K. P. von Kaufman1   9 May 1879

Le Président Honoraire de la Société des Amis des Sciences à Tachkent

Monsieur,

Ayant appris par les journaux, que Vous êtes occupé actuellement de l’étude des différentes variétés du froment, afin d’élucider la question de leur origine, j’ai pensé, qu’il Vous serait probablement intéressant d’avoir à Votre disposition les différentes races de cette plante, cultivées dans les provinces du Turkestan russe.2 L’isolement presque complet dans lequel ce pays s’est trouvé depuis grand nombre de siècles, notre climat essentiellement continental, l’irrigation artificielle, pratiquée sur une grande échelle, toutes les conditions enfin, auxquelles notre agriculture doit se conformer, et qui sont bien distinctes de celles, que l’on trouve en Europe, me font croire que l’étude de nos variétés du Triticum vulgare, pourrait offrir quelques points intéressants et nouveaux.3

J’ai fait faire une collection de graines de froment dans différentes parties du Turkestan, notamment à Tachkent, Samarcande, Aoulié-Ata et Vernoyé; j’y ai fait joindre une collection de cette plante en gerbes, afin qu’il soit possible de juger de la longueuer, qu’atteignent ici les tiges. Dans quelques semaines Vous recevrez les boites renfermant ces collections, que j’envoie en même temps que cette lettre. Il me manque quelques variétés cultivées à Khiva et dans le Ferghana, dès que je les aurai reçues, je me ferai un plaisir de Vous les faire parvenir.4

Tout en espérant que ces matériaux pourront Vous être utiles, je Vous prie, Monsieur, de vouloir bien agréer l’assurance de la haute considération, avec laquelle j’ai l’honneur, d’être, | Votre trés dévoué serviteur | C. de Kaufmann, I.

Tachkent | 27 Avril/9 Mai 18795

à Mr Charles Darwin etc etc

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
The source of the report has not been identified, but in 1878, CD had received wheat specimens from Mikhail Nikolaevich Galkin-Vraskoi, the Russian governor of Saratov, a province in the south-east of European Russia; Russian newspapers may have reported on this (see Correspondence vol. 26, letter from G. M. Asher, 14 February 1878).
Turkestan became a Russian province in 1867 and its territory was extended by further conquests, led by Kaufman, of Bukhara, Khiva, and Kokand between 1868 and 1875, so that it extended from the Caspian Sea to Afghanistan. For more on Kaufman’s administration see Brower 1997. Triticum vulgare is a synonym of T. aestivum (common wheat).
The collection was made between 1868 and 1872 by the Russian botanist Olga Aleksandrovna Fedchenko, who participated in the expedition organised by Kaufman to explore the newly conquered region of Turkestan. For more on Fedchenko’s work and the areas visited by the expedition, see Creese 2015 , pp. 71–4. Tashkent, Samarkand, Khiva, and Fergana are now in Uzbekistan. Aulie-Ata is now the town Taraz in Kazakhstan; Vernoye is in Russia.
Kaufman gives both the Julian (27 April) and Gregorian (9 May) calendar dates.

Bibliography

Brower, Daniel R. 1997. Islam and ethnicity: Russian colonial policy in Turkestan. In Russia’s Orient: Imperial border lands and peoples, 1700–1917, edited by Daniel R. Brower and Edward J. Lazzerini. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Creese, Mary R. S. 2015. Ladies in the laboratory IV: Imperial Russia’s women in science, 1800–1900. A survey of their contributions to research. With contributions by Thomas M. Creese. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.

Translation

From K. P. von Kaufman1   9 May 1879

The Honorary President of the Society of Friends of Sciences at Tashkent

Sir,

Having understood from the newspapers, that you are currently occupied by the study of different varieties of wheat, in order to clarify the question of their origin, I thought, that it would probably be interesting to you to have at your disposal the different varieties of this plant grown in the provinces of Russian Turkestan.2 The almost complete isolation in which this country has existed for a great number of centuries, our essentially continental climate, artificial irrigation, practised on a grand scale, all conditions indeed to which our agriculture must conform, and which are very different from those which are found in Europe, make me believe that the study of our varieties of Triticum vulgare, could offer some new and interesting points.3

I have made a collection of grains of wheat from different parts of Turkestan, in particular from Tashkent, Samarkand, Aulie-Ata and Vernoye; I have put together a collection of this plant in groups, so that it may be possible to assess the length that the stems attain. In a few weeks you will receive boxes containing these collections, which I am sending at the same time as this letter. I lack some varieties grown at Khiva and in the Ferghana, as soon as I have received them, it will be a pleasure for me to send them on to you.4

Hoping very much that these materials may be useful to you, I beg you, Sir, to please accept the assurance of the great esteem, with which I have the honour to be | Your very devoted servant | C. de Kaufmann, I.

Tashkent | 27 April/9 May 18795

To Mr Charles Darwin etc etc

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original French, see Transcript.
The source of the report has not been identified, but in 1878, CD had received wheat specimens from Mikhail Nikolaevich Galkin-Vraskoi, the Russian governor of Saratov, a province in the south-east of European Russia; Russian newspapers may have reported on this (see Correspondence vol. 26, letter from G. M. Asher, 14 February 1878).
Turkestan became a Russian province in 1867 and its territory was extended by further conquests, led by Kaufman, of Bukhara, Khiva, and Kokand between 1868 and 1875, so that it extended from the Caspian Sea to Afghanistan. For more on Kaufman’s administration see Brower 1997. Triticum vulgare is a synonym of T. aestivum (common wheat).
The collection was made between 1868 and 1872 by the Russian botanist Olga Aleksandrovna Fedchenko, who participated in the expedition organised by Kaufman to explore the newly conquered region of Turkestan. For more on Fedchenko’s work and the areas visited by the expedition, see Creese 2015 , pp. 71–4. Tashkent, Samarkand, Khiva, and Fergana are now in Uzbekistan. Aulie-Ata is now the town Taraz in Kazakhstan; Vernoye is in Russia.
Kaufman gives both the Julian (27 April) and Gregorian (9 May) calendar dates.

Bibliography

Brower, Daniel R. 1997. Islam and ethnicity: Russian colonial policy in Turkestan. In Russia’s Orient: Imperial border lands and peoples, 1700–1917, edited by Daniel R. Brower and Edward J. Lazzerini. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Creese, Mary R. S. 2015. Ladies in the laboratory IV: Imperial Russia’s women in science, 1800–1900. A survey of their contributions to research. With contributions by Thomas M. Creese. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.

Summary

Sends a collection of wheat varieties from Turkestan in response to a newspaper notice of CD’s interest.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12046
From
Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman (Константин Петрович фон Кауфман)
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Société des Amis des Sciences, Tashkent
Source of text
DAR 169: 1
Physical description
ALS 3pp (French)

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12046,” accessed on 25 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12046.xml

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