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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Ernst Haeckel1   [before 6 February 1868]2

Theurer, hochverehrter ⁠⟨⁠Herr!⁠⟩⁠

Schon seit vielen Wochen ⁠⟨⁠habe⁠⟩⁠ ⁠⟨⁠ich⁠⟩⁠ Ihnen fast täglich schreiben wo⁠⟨⁠llen⁠⟩⁠ aber eine ungewöhnliche Menge verschiedenartiger Arbeiten und Unterbrechungen liess mich bis jetzt nicht dazu kommen. Dass ich Ihnen trotzdem täglich gedacht habe, brauche ich Ihnen nicht erst zu versichern. Denn abgesehen von allen Gefühlen der höchsten persönlichen Verehrung, welche ich gegen Sie hege, würde allein schon meine tägliche Beschäftigung mich alle Tage an Sie erinnern. Ich hatte in diesem Winter wieder eine öffentliche Vorlesung über “Darwins Entwickelungs-Theorie, mit welcher ich sehr viel Beifall finde. ⁠⟨⁠Diese ist die am⁠⟩⁠ meisten besuchte von allen ⁠⟨⁠Vorlesungen⁠⟩⁠, und ich habe gegen 200 ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ Studenten aller Facultäten, ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠gen, Lehrer, Landwirthe etc. ⁠⟨⁠Ich⁠⟩⁠ lasse die Vorträge, welche ganz populär gehalten sind, stenographiren, und im nächsten Sommer werden sie gedruckt erscheinen.3

Vor Allen lassen Sie mich aber nun Ihnen meinen herzlichsten Dank sagen für die gütige Übersendung Ihres Buches “über das Variiren der Thiere und Pflanzen”.4 Ihre reichen und vielseitigen Kenntnisse in allen biologischen Zweigen, und vorzüglich in der Naturgeschichte der Hausthiere und Culturpflanzen, habe ich dabei auf das Neue bewundert, und viele von Ihnen angeführte neue und mir unbekannte Thatsachen haben mich auf das Lebhafteste interessirt. Trotzdem haben aber alle Ihre speciellen Beweise für die Theorie der Selectio naturalis, welche Sie hier bringen, nicht dasjenige Interesse für mich, welches die meisten Leser darin finden werden. Ich bin schon durch Ihr erstes Werk über die Entstehung der Arten so vollständig von der Wahrheit der “natural Selection” überzeugt, dass alle solche Special-Beweise für mich nur ein untergeordnetes Interesse haben. Viele deutsche Naturforscher sind immer noch der Ansicht, dass Sie Ihre Selections-Theorie erst noch durch zahlreiche einzelne Argumente zu beweisen hätten, und für diese wird Ihr jetzt erschienenes Buch wichtiger als das erste sein. Bei mir ist das Gegentheil der Fall; obgleich ich natürlich alle weiteren Special-Beweise, die Sie bringen, schon im Interesse jener Anderen, sehr hoch schätze.

Ich meine aber, dass jeder Naturforscher der philosophisches Verständniss besitzt, schon aus den drei unleugbaren Thatsachen 1) der Heredität, 2) der Adaptation, 3) des Kampfes ums Dasein—mit voller Nothwendigkeit die Wahrheit der Natural Selection von selbst folgern müsste. Die meisten verstehen aber Nichts von diesen einfachen Praemissen, und eben so wenig von Embryologie und Paleontologie, und da ist es kaum wunderbar, wenn sie immer noch bei ihrer thörichten Opposition bleiben.

Jena ist jetzt der Centralheerd des deutschen Darwinismus. Ausser mir und ausser Gegenbaur (der jetzt seine ganze “vergleich. Anat. in zweiter veränderter phylogenetischer” Auflage herausgiebt)5 arbeiten hier noch zwei von unseren Schülern sehr eifrig für Ihre Theorie.

Mein Assistent und B⁠⟨⁠egleiter auf⁠⟩⁠ der canarischen Reise, ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ talentvoller junger Russe ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ Miklucho, arbeitet vorzüg⁠⟨⁠lich⁠⟩⁠ Phylogenie der Wirbelthiere. ⁠⟨⁠Er hat⁠⟩⁠ auf Lanzerote die sehr hübsche En⁠⟨⁠tdeckung⁠⟩⁠ gemacht, dass die Selachier ein Schwimmblasen-Rudiment besitzen, sehr wichtig für meinen Wirbelthieren-Stammbaum und für die Thatsache, dass die Anlage der Lunge die aus der Schwimmblase hervorging, schon bei den Selachiern als den alten Stammvätern der Amphirrhinen sich findet.6 Huxley7 wird Ihnen ein Exemplar seiner Abhandlung zusenden. Ich lege Ihnen beifolgend eine Photographie ein, welche mich und Miklucho in unserem canarischen Reise-Costüm als “Medusen-Fischer darstellt.8

Ein anderer eifriger Darwinist in Jena ist Dr. Dohrn, auch ein Schüler von Gegenbaur und mir. Er ist sehr lebhaft ⁠⟨⁠mit der⁠⟩⁠ ⁠⟨⁠Anat⁠⟩⁠omie der Arthropoden be⁠⟨⁠schäftigt.⁠⟩⁠ ⁠⟨⁠Doch⁠⟩⁠ fürchte ich, dass er zu ⁠⟨⁠  ⁠⟩⁠tisch dabei verfährt. Seine ⁠⟨⁠Theor⁠⟩⁠ie wird nicht genug durch seinen ⁠⟨⁠Versta⁠⟩⁠nd kritisirt, und ich glaube, dass ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ seine vergleichend-anatomischen ⁠⟨⁠Cor⁠⟩⁠relationen sehr gewagt sind.9

Aus der Capstadt werden Sie eine Abhandlung “über den Ursprung der Sprache” erhalten haben, von meinem Vetter (Cousin) Wilhelm Bleek, der dort seit 13 Jahren die Sprache der Buschmänner, Hottentotten und Kaffern studirt.10 Er war früher Theolog, und ist jetzt Darwinist. Er hat seinerzeit auch den Bischof Colenso vertheidigt.11

Ich besitze von Ihnen noch immer die Pflanzen-Geographie der Canarischen Inseln von Webb und Berthelot.12 Da sie mir bei Ausarbeitung meiner canarischen Reise von Nutzen ist, möchte ich Sie bitten, mir dieselbe ⁠⟨⁠noch einige⁠⟩⁠ Monate zu lassen, vorausg⁠⟨⁠esetzt⁠⟩⁠, dass Sie dieselbe nicht brauchen, sonst schicke ich sie Ihnen gleich zurück.

Meine Haupt-Arbeit ist jetzt die feinere Anatomie und Entwickelungs-Geschichte der Siphonophoren, welche sehr interessant, aber auch sehr schwierig ist. Der Polymorphismus dieser Thiere und ihre Reduction auf die einfachen Medusen und Polypen liefert treffliche Beweise für die Descendenz-Theorie.13

Im Übrigen befinde ich mich sehr wohl, und lebe sehr glücklich mit meinem lieben jungen Weibe14 in der stillen Zurückgezogenheit von Jena. Man lebt hier so einfach und still wie auf dem Lande. Wir haben noch nicht einmal eine Eisenbahn, welche uns mit Weimar und dadurch mit der Cultur-Welt näher verbindet. Diese Zurückgezogenheit hat aber, wie Sie von (Bromley) Down wissen, grosse Vorzüge!

⁠⟨⁠2 words missing⁠⟩⁠ Herbst, gleich nach ⁠⟨⁠m⁠⟩⁠einer Hochzeit (am 20. August) machte ich mit meiner Frau eine sehr schöne Reise durch die Alpen von Baiern, Tyrol und der Schweiz. Doch wäre ich beinahe dabei ums Leben gekommen, da ich auf einer 8000 Fuss hohen Felsenwand (der Tristenspitze in Nord-Tyrol) mich verstiegen hatte, und 3 Stunden lang weder vor noch rückwärts konnte. Ich begreife jetzt kaum, dass ich lebendig wieder herunter kam.

Hoffentlich höre ich bald einmal recht Gutes von Ihrer Gesundheit. Ihrer hochverehrten Frau Gemahlin und Miss Darwin bitte ich mich ehrerbietigst zu empfehlen.15

In unveränderter Verehrung | Ihr treu ergebener | Ernst Haeckel

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Correspondence vol. 16, Appendix I.
The date is established by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Ernst Haeckel, 6 February [1868].
Haeckel had previously written to CD of the popularity of his lectures on Darwinian theory (see Correspondence vol. 14, letter from Ernst Haeckel, 11 January 1866). The lectures were published as Haeckel 1868c (Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte, The natural history of creation). CD’s annotated copy is in the Darwin Library–CUL (see Marginalia 1: 358–60). The work was later translated into English (Haeckel 1876).
Haeckel had received the first volume of the German edition of Variation (Carus trans. 1868).
Haeckel refers to Carl Gegenbaur and to Gegenbaur 1870; the first edition of his handbook of comparative anatomy was published in 1859 (Gegenbaur 1859). On the teaching of evolutionary theory at University of Jena, see Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 306–24.
Haeckel’s student was Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklucho-Maclay; his findings regarding a rudimentary swim-bladder in sharks were reported in Miklucho-Maclay 1867. Selachiae was formerly a subclass of fishes; it is roughly equivalent to the modern class Chondrichthyes (Ziegler ed. 1909). Sharks are now placed in the subclass Elasmobranchii of the class Chondrichthyes. Amphirhina was a taxon introduced by Haeckel to describe the earliest vertebrates with a central nervous system (see Haeckel 1866, 2: CXXI); it is roughly equivalent to the protochordates in modern taxonomy. For Haeckel’s travels in the Canary Islands in 1866 and 1867, see Correspondence vol. 15.
The photograph is in DAR 257: 111. It is reproduced facing p. 115.
Haeckel refers to Anton Dohrn. His disagreements with Haeckel are discussed in Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 324–37. For Dohrn’s earlier correspondence with CD about his work on homology and phylogeny, see Correspondence vol. 15, letter to Anton Dohrn, 26 November [1867], and letter from Anton Dohrn, 30 November 1867.
Haeckel’s cousin was Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek. Haeckel had edited and written the introduction to the book (Bleek 1868); it was translated into English in 1869 (Bleek 1869). Bleek’s philological research in Africa and its importance for Haeckel’s work are discussed in Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 239–49. For nineteenth-century European use of the term ‘Bushman’, see Dubow 1995, pp. 20–32; the peoples known to many nineteenth-century Europeans as ‘Bushmen’ are now considered to be members of the Khoisan peoples. The term ‘Caffre’ or ‘Kafir’ was usually used to refer to some groups of the Xhosa people of south-eastern Africa, while ‘Hottentot’ was usually used to refer to peoples of south-western Africa (the Khoikhoi); see Stocking 1987, Dubow 1995, and S. J. Gould 1997.
John William Colenso, the liberal clergyman and bishop of Natal, was tried for heresy in an ecclesiastical court in Cape Town in 1863; he appealed against their judgement in the secular courts in 1864 and 1865 (see Guy 1983). CD and some of his scientific friends had supported Colenso during the trial (see Correspondence vols. 12 and 13). On Colenso and Bleek, see Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 240–2.
The reference is to Webb and Berthelot 1836–50. Haeckel probably refers in particular to the Géographie botanique (vol. 2, pt 1, in tome 3), 1840.
Haeckel’s research on siphonophores was published in Haeckel 1869.
Haeckel refers to Emma Darwin and Henrietta Emma Darwin.

Bibliography

Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel. 1868. Über den Ursprung der Sprache. Edited by Ernst Haeckel. Weimar: H. Boehlau.

Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel. 1869. On the origin of language. Edited by Ernst Haeckel. Translated by Thomas Davidson. New York: L. W. Schmidt. London: Williams & Norgate.

Correspondence: The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et al. 29 vols to date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–.

Di Gregorio, Mario A. 2005. From here to eternity: Ernst Haeckel and scientific faith. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Dubow, Saul. 1995. Scientific racism in modern South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gegenbaur, Carl. 1859. Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Gould, Stephen Jay. 1997. The mismeasure of man. Revised and expanded edition. London: Penguin Books.

Guy, Jeff. 1983. The heretic. A study of the life of John William Colenso 1814–1883. Pietermaritzberg, South Africa: University of Natal Press. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ravan Press.

Haeckel, Ernst. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Allgemeine Grundzüge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformirte Descendenz-Theorie. 2 vols. Berlin: Georg Reimer.

Marginalia: Charles Darwin’s marginalia. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio with the assistance of Nicholas W. Gill. Vol. 1. New York and London: Garland Publishing. 1990.

Miklucho-Maclay, Nikolai Nikolaevich. 1867. Ueber ein Schwimmblasenrudiment bei Selachiern. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 3: 448–53.

Stocking, George W., Jr. 1987. Victorian anthropology. New York: The Free Press. London: Collier Macmillan.

Variation: The variation of animals and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868.

Translation

From Ernst Haeckel1   [before 6 February 1868]2

Dear, most esteemed Sir!

For many weeks now ⁠⟨⁠I have⁠⟩⁠ wanted to write to you almost every day but an unusual number of varied tasks and interruptions have prevented me from doing so until now. I don’t really need to assure you that I nevertheless thought of you daily. For aside from the feelings of highest personal regard in which I hold you, my daily work would also remind me of you every day. This winter I again held a lecture series on “Darwin’s theory of evolution which is very well received. ⁠⟨⁠This is the⁠⟩⁠ best attended course of ⁠⟨⁠lectures⁠⟩⁠ and I have about 200 ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ students from all faculties, ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠, teachers, agriculturalists etc. ⁠⟨⁠I⁠⟩⁠ have someone transcribe the lectures, which are kept on a popular level, and next summer they will appear in print.3

First of all, allow me to express my most cordial thanks to you for kindly sending me your book “on the variation of animals and plants”.4 Your rich and multifaceted knowledge in all branches of biology and especially in the natural history of domestic animals and cultivated plants has amazed me anew, and I was most keenly interested in many of the facts you mentioned that are new and unknown to me. Still, all the special proofs that you produce for the theory of selectio naturalis do not hold the same kind of interest for me as they will for most readers. I was already so completely convinced of the truth of “natural selection” by your first work on the origin of species that all such special proofs are only of secondary interest. Many German natural scientists still take the view that your selection theory must be proved through numerous individual arguments, and for these your present book will be more important than the first. For me the opposite is the case; although of course I prize very highly all the further special proofs that you produce, if only because of these others.

But I do believe that every scientist who possesses philosophical understanding must already recognise the truth of natural selection from the three undeniable facts of 1) heredity, 2) adaptation, 3) struggle for existence. But most understand nothing of these simple premises and just as little of embryology and palaeontology, and so it’s hardly surprising then that they still stick to their foolish opposition.

Jena is now the centre of German Darwinism. Apart from me and Gegenbaur (who is now editing his entire “Comparative Anatomy” in the second revised “phylogenetic” edition)5 there are another two students here who are working very eagerly for your theory.

My assistant and ⁠⟨⁠companion on⁠⟩⁠ the Canaries trip, ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ talented young Russian ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ Miklucho, is doing excellent work on the phylogeny of vertebrates. He made the very fine discovery on Lanzarote that the Selachiae possess a rudimentary swim-bladder, which is very important for my genealogy of vertebrates and for the fact that the character of the lungs emerging from the swim-bladder was already present in the Selachiae as the ancestor of the Amphirhinae.6 Huxley7 will send you a copy of his paper. I enclose a photograph of me and Miklucho in our Canaries travelling gear as “Medusae fishermen.8

Another keen Darwinist in Jena is Dr Dohrn, also a pupil of Gegenbaur and myself. He is very busy ⁠⟨⁠with the⁠⟩⁠ anatomy of the anthropods. ⁠⟨⁠However,⁠⟩⁠ I fear that he proceeds too ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ with it. His theory is not tempered enough by his judgment and I think that ⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ his comparative-anatomical correlations are very risky.9

You will have received a dissertation “On the origin of language” from my cousin Wilhelm Bleek in Cape Town, who has been studying the language of the Bushmen, Hottentots and Kaffirs there for 13 years.10 He was earlier a theologian, and is now a Darwinist. At the time he also defended Bishop Colenso.11

I still have your plant geography of the Canary Islands by Webb and Berthelot.12 Since it is useful for the drafting of my Canaries trip, may I ask you to let me keep it for ⁠⟨⁠another few⁠⟩⁠ months, providing you do not need it yourself, in which case I will return it at once.

My main task at the moment is the finer anatomy and developmental history of the siphonophores, which is very interesting but also very difficult. The polymorphism of these animals and their reduction to simple medusae and polyps provide excellent proofs of the theory of descent.13

Otherwise I am very well and live very happily with my young wife14 in the quiet seclusion of Jena. Life is as simple and quiet here as in the country. We do not yet even have a railway, which would link us more closely to Weimar and thus with the world of culture. But this seclusion, as you know from (Bromley) Down, has great advantages!

⁠⟨⁠    ⁠⟩⁠ autumn, shortly after my wedding (on 20 August) I went on a very nice trip with my wife through the Bavarian, Tyrolian and Swiss Alps. However, I nearly perished when I climbed an 8,000 foot high rock face (the Tristenspitze in North Tyrol) and could move neither forwards nor backwards for 3 hours. Even now I can scarcely comprehend how I got back down alive.

Hopefully I will soon hear some good news about your health. Please give my most respectful regards to your highly honoured wife and Miss Darwin.15

With continuing regard | yours truly | Ernst Haeckel

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in the original German, see part I: 71–3.
The date is established by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Ernst Haeckel, 6 February [1868].
Haeckel had previously written to CD of the popularity of his lectures on Darwinian theory (see Correspondence vol. 14, letter from Ernst Haeckel, 11 January 1866). The lectures were published as Haeckel 1868c (Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte, The natural history of creation). CD’s annotated copy is in the Darwin Library–CUL (see Marginalia 1: 358–60). The work was later translated into English (Haeckel 1876).
Haeckel had received the first volume of the German edition of Variation (Carus trans. 1868).
Haeckel refers to Carl Gegenbaur and to Gegenbaur 1870; the first edition of his handbook of comparative anatomy was published in 1859 (Gegenbaur 1859). On the teaching of evolutionary theory at University of Jena, see Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 306–24.
Haeckel’s student was Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklucho-Maclay; his findings regarding a rudimentary swim-bladder in sharks were reported in Miklucho-Maclay 1867. Selachiae was formerly a subclass of fishes; it is roughly equivalent to the modern class Chondrichthyes (Ziegler ed. 1909). Sharks are now placed in the subclass Elasmobranchii of the class Chondrichthyes. Amphirhina was a taxon introduced by Haeckel to describe the earliest vertebrates with a central nervous system (see Haeckel 1866, 2: CXXI); it is roughly equivalent to the protochordates in modern taxonomy. For Haeckel’s travels in the Canary Islands in 1866 and 1867, see Correspondence vol. 15.
The photograph is in DAR 257: 111. It is reproduced facing p. 115.
Haeckel refers to Anton Dohrn. His disagreements with Haeckel are discussed in Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 324–37. For Dohrn’s earlier correspondence with CD about his work on homology and phylogeny, see Correspondence vol. 15, letter to Anton Dohrn, 26 November [1867], and letter from Anton Dohrn, 30 November 1867.
Haeckel’s cousin was Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek. Haeckel had edited and written the introduction to the book (Bleek 1868); it was translated into English in 1869 (Bleek 1869). Bleek’s philological research in Africa and its importance for Haeckel’s work are discussed in Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 239–49. For nineteenth-century European use of the term ‘Bushman’, see Dubow 1995, pp. 20–32; the peoples known to many nineteenth-century Europeans as ‘Bushmen’ are now considered to be members of the Khoisan peoples. The term ‘Caffre’ or ‘Kafir’ was usually used to refer to some groups of the Xhosa people of south-eastern Africa, while ‘Hottentot’ was usually used to refer to peoples of south-western Africa (the Khoikhoi); see Stocking 1987, Dubow 1995, and S. J. Gould 1997.
John William Colenso, the liberal clergyman and bishop of Natal, was tried for heresy in an ecclesiastical court in Cape Town in 1863; he appealed against their judgement in the secular courts in 1864 and 1865 (see Guy 1983). CD and some of his scientific friends had supported Colenso during the trial (see Correspondence vols. 12 and 13). On Colenso and Bleek, see Di Gregorio 2005, pp. 240–2.
The reference is to Webb and Berthelot 1836–50. Haeckel probably refers in particular to the Géographie botanique (vol. 2, pt 1, in tome 3), 1840.
Haeckel’s research on siphonophores was published in Haeckel 1869.
Haeckel refers to Emma Darwin and Henrietta Emma Darwin.

Bibliography

Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel. 1868. Über den Ursprung der Sprache. Edited by Ernst Haeckel. Weimar: H. Boehlau.

Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel. 1869. On the origin of language. Edited by Ernst Haeckel. Translated by Thomas Davidson. New York: L. W. Schmidt. London: Williams & Norgate.

Correspondence: The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et al. 29 vols to date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–.

Di Gregorio, Mario A. 2005. From here to eternity: Ernst Haeckel and scientific faith. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Dubow, Saul. 1995. Scientific racism in modern South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gegenbaur, Carl. 1859. Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Gould, Stephen Jay. 1997. The mismeasure of man. Revised and expanded edition. London: Penguin Books.

Guy, Jeff. 1983. The heretic. A study of the life of John William Colenso 1814–1883. Pietermaritzberg, South Africa: University of Natal Press. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ravan Press.

Haeckel, Ernst. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Allgemeine Grundzüge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformirte Descendenz-Theorie. 2 vols. Berlin: Georg Reimer.

Marginalia: Charles Darwin’s marginalia. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio with the assistance of Nicholas W. Gill. Vol. 1. New York and London: Garland Publishing. 1990.

Miklucho-Maclay, Nikolai Nikolaevich. 1867. Ueber ein Schwimmblasenrudiment bei Selachiern. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 3: 448–53.

Stocking, George W., Jr. 1987. Victorian anthropology. New York: The Free Press. London: Collier Macmillan.

Variation: The variation of animals and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868.

Summary

Describes his lectures on CD’s theory.

Thanks CD for copy of Variation. Comments on book.

Describes work of two protégés in Jena: Nicolas von Miklucho[-Maclay] and Anton Dohrn.

His cousin, Wilhelm Bleek, is sending an article about the origin of language.

Asks to keep book a few months longer but will return it if CD needs it [Webb and Berthelot, Histoire naturelle des Îles Canaries, vol. 3, pt 1: Géographie botanique (1840)].

Describes research on Siphonophora.

Describes life in Jena. Mentions alpine accident during wedding trip.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-5840
From
Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
unstated
Source of text
DAR 166: 46
Physical description
ALS 8pp (German) damaged

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 5840,” accessed on 20 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-5840.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 16

letter