CD was in Hartfield, Sussex, until 2 August 1860 (‘Journal’; Appendix II).

See letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 20 July [1860].

In his paper on crossing among bees, Tegetmeier described the way in which drones (fertile male bees) could move from hive to hive without being attacked. He believed that the bees of any one hive probably included a number of ‘foreign’ drones, thereby facilitating some cross-breeding between different stocks. This finding contradicted the popular belief that queen bees only mated with the drones of their own hive. See Tegetmeier 1860. CD cited Tegetmeier’s information in Variation 2: 126.

CD refers to two letters written by John Obadiah Westwood to the Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1860. The first, published in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 14 January 1860, p. 26, addressed the question of the ‘doubtful permanence of cross-breeds’. Westwood there alluded to the fact that CD’s theory appeared to be refuted by the hive-bees, in which, he stated, ‘no crossing is necessary, even if but a single hive were to be kept from year to year.’ CD responded to this point in his letter to the Gardeners’ Chronicle, [before 21 January 1860]. Westwood wrote again (Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 11 February 1860, p. 122), reiterating the point that: ‘Extensive bee-keepers do not find it necessary to import hives from a distance to keep up their establishments, and thus the species would keep true, immaterial whether the queens paired with their own subjects or with those of adjacent hives.’ CD was attempting to gather further information on the crossing of hive-bees from Tegetmeier and others in order to dispute Westwood’s claim (see letters to W. B. Tegetmeier, 17 April [1860], and to Cottage Gardener, [before 8 May 1860]).